| Pecan(Carya illinoinensis),also known as American pecan and pecan,it is not only a world-renowned high-quality nut,but also one of the excellent tree species for developing economy and poverty alleviation in mountainous areas.The planting area in Zhejiang province,Anhui province and Hunan province has expanded rapidly during recent years.In this study,phenological observation,nut economic traits and fatty acid composition analysis were carried out on five main varieties of Hunan province,five main varieties of Anhui province and eight main varieties of Zhejiang province,and the principal components were evaluated in different regions.Reference materials for screening and high-yield cultivation of pecan cultivation are provided.Through observation of the peony phenology of the pecans,it was found that 8 of the 18 varieties were "male-first-type’ and 8 "female-first-type’ dioecious varieties,and the two varieties which flowering periods met were’Jinhua’ and ’Shaoxing’.There are two ’male-first-type’varieties and three ’female-type’ varieties among the five varieties in Hunan province;five varieties in Anhui province are ’female-first-type’;there are six ’female-first-type’varieties and 2 ’male and female type’ varieties else of the eight varieties in Zhejiang province.Also,among the different regions,there are ’Jinhua’ ×’Pawnee’,’Mahan’ ×’Huangshan No.l’,’Huangshan No.1’ ×’Yalin No.100’,’Huangshan No.2’×’Yalin No.21,’Huangshan No.3’ ×’Mahan’,’Huangshan No.3’×’Yalin No.100’,’Huangshan No.4’×’Yalin No.21’,’Huangshan No.5’ ×’Yalin No.100’,’Yalin No.21’ ×’Pawnee’ 9 feasible combinations to be further verified.’Baker’、’Mahan’ in Hunan province,’Huangshan No.5’ in Anhui province and’Yalin No.21’,’Yalin No.64’,’Yalin No.100’,’Jinhua’ in Zhejiang province,their nuts has a superior phenotypic trait in the same area.After analyzing the correlation of phenotypic traits of different pecans between different regions,it was found that with the nut’s weight,length and width of the pecans were larger,the narrower the fruit shape,and the thinner the husk,the yield of pecan nuts would be greater.Through the determination of the oil content,crude fat content and fatty acid composition of the seed of the long pecan,it was found that the oil content difference between different regions and different varieties was extremely small,and the average oil content was 72.56%.The single fruit with the largest fat mass is ’Yalin No.35’,and the average individual nut of each ’Yalin No.35’ contains 3.67g of oil,the lowest is’Huangshan No.3’,and the average of each ’Huangshan No.3’nuts contain only 1.22 g of oil.Seven kind of fatty acids were detected in the fatty acid composition of the pecans in three regions.The relative content of the seven kind of fatty acids from low to high was Peanut acid<Arachienoic acid<Linolenic acid<Stearic acid<Palmitic acid<Llinoleic acid<Oleic acid.Its content of unsaturated fatty acids exceeds 90%.Results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between oleic acid and linoleic acid and linolenic acid,and a significant positive correlation between linolenic acid and linoleic acid.Principal component analysis of several economic traits of pecans showed that the highest scores of the comprehensive economic traits of the five varieties in Hunan province were ’Pawnee’ and ’Mahan’,and the two varieties could be pollinated each other.It is suitable as a recommended variety in Hunan province:the five varieties in Anhui province have no difference in the comprehensive evaluation of economic traits,so all of the five varieties can be selected in Anhui province production;among the eight varieties in Zhejiang province,’YalinNo.35’、’YalinNo.100’.The comprehensive economic traits of ’Yalin No.103’ and ’Jinhua’ have higher scores and can be used as the main varieties of Zhejiang province pecan industry development. |
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