Chicken Liver And Kidney Injury Induced By High Protein Diet And Intervention Effect Of Compound Chinese Medicine On It

[Objective]The purpose of this study was to explore chicken liver and kidney injury induced by high protein diet and intervention effect of compound Chinese medicine on it.[Methods](1)Selection of xanthine oxidase inhibitor:16 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines were extracted by water and ethanol,and the inhibitory effect of the extract on xanthine oxidase(XOD)was detected in vitro,and then the Chinese medicine prescription with better effect was determined.(2)The expenment of Chicken fed with high protein diets:one hondred and fifty 20-day-old white-feathered chickens were randomly divided Into 5 groups.Group 1 was fed with basal diet,and Groups 2,3,4,and 5 were added with soy meal in the basal diet to make the crude protein content in the diet reach 22%.25%,28%and 31%,respectively.The experiment lasted 14 days.Five chickens were randomly selected from each group every 7 days to collect sera,serum uric acid(UA)level and XOD activity were measured,and the death numbers of chicken suffered from gout in each group were recorded.(3)Intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation on high protein diet-induced chicken gout:Ninety 20-day-old healthy white-feathered chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups.The chickens in Group Ⅰ were fed with basal diet,the chickens in Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed with basal diet added soybean meal to reach 31%crude protein,and group Ⅲ was added 1%self-made traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation.Five chickens were randomly selected from each group every 7 days to collect sera,some indicators in sera were detected.At the end of the 14th day of the trial,5 chickens were randomly selected from each group and dissected for the purpose of observing the pathological changes of the liver and kidney,and making liver and kidney sections to observe their histological changes.[Result](1)The results of the selection of xanthine oxidase inhibitors showed that the better inhibitory effective water extracts were Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis,Rhizoma smilacis Glabrae,Flos Sophorae,Alpinia officinarum hance,Sagittaria.The better inhibitory effective alcohol extracts were Rhizoma smilacis Glabrae,Dianthus Superbus L,Flos Sophorae,Achyranthes bidentata,Sagittaria..(2)The results of high protein diet feeding test showed that:on the seventh day of the test,the body weight of chickens in 4th and 5th groups were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01);the serum XOD activity of chickens in the 5th group was significantly increased(P<0.05).On the 14th day of the experiment,the body weight of chickens in the 5th group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);the serum XOD activity of the 5th group was significantly increased(P<0.05);the serum uric acid levels of the 4th and 5th groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Gout occurred in groups 3,4,and 5,and the mortality of chicken was the highest in 5 groups.(3)The results of the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation on high protein diet-induced chicken gout test showed that:compared with the control group,on the 7th and 14th day of the experiment,the body weight of chickens in the group II was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the serum UA level was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity was significantly increased(P<0.01).On the 14th day of the experiment,serum creatinine(CREA)levels and XOD and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activities of chickens in group II were significantly increased(P<0.05).In group II,the liver color was yellow in some chickens,necrotic foci and inflammatory cell infiltration,hepatocyte cord alignment disorder and hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration were found in liver tissue;some chickens’s kidney were swollen.The cut sections of the kidneys had white paste-like substances.The ureters were filled with urate.It was found that the glomeruli were atrophied,the tubular epithelial cells were degenerated and necrotic,and some of the renal tubules were detached from the basement membrane.The addition of Chinese herbal compound preparation to the feed effectively interfered with the adverse effects of high protein diet on chicken.On days 7d and 14d,the body weight of chickens in group III was significantly lower than that of group I(P<0.01),serum indicators of chickens in group III were lower than group II and no significant difference was found with group I.Among them,the serum XOD,ALT,creatinine and creatine kinase of chickens in group III were significantly lower than that in group II(P<0.05),the serum AST of chickens in group III were significantly(P<0.05)and extremely significant lower(P<0.01)than that in group II on the 7th day and the 14th day,respectively.In group III,there were also a small number of chickens with yellowish liver,slight disorder of hepatic cell line arrangement,and some chicken with swollen kidney,but no white paste urate was seen on the cut surface.During the test,3 chickens died from gout in group II and no death were found in the other two groups.[Conclusion]Feeding high-protein diet resulted in elevated serum uric acid levels in the chicken.The structure and function of the liver and kidney were impaired to various degrees.The addition of Chinese herbal compound preparation to the diet effectively interfered with this adverse effect.