Design And Experimental Research Of Straw Mashing And Smashing Machine

Corn stalk is an important resource.According to statistics,the average annual amount of straw produced in China is about 620 million tons,which is more than 1/4 of the total output of chemical fertilizers.However,the utilization rate of straw resources has decreased year by year in recent years.A large number of straw incineration produces a large amount of harmful gases while seriously wasting crop resources,evaporating soil moisture,mineralizing soil humus and organic matter,changing the physical properties of the soil,causing soil compaction and water loss,which have been seriously damaged.The state of agricultural production in China.Returning straw to the field is one of the effective ways to solve the low utilization rate of straw resources.It not only eliminates straw burning,but also improves soil fertility,improves soil layer structure and promotes a virtuous cycle of crop production.Straw returning to the field to increase fertilizer and increase production significantly,generally can increase production by 5%10%.In recent years,the state has implemented agricultural policies for conservation tillage for these problems,and has begun to vigorously promote straw returning technology.The straw deep burying technology can bury the smashed straw deeper than 20cm below the surface and accelerate the decomposition of straw.Speed,increase the soil organic matter content,make the soil form a virtual and solid plough layer,thereby increasing soil permeability and porosity,and can improve soil structure,preserve soil temperature and regulate soil temperature,while reducing the use of fertilizer and waste of straw resources.It is an important technology for comprehensive utilization of straw.At the same time,it can control environmental problems such as incineration and accumulation caused by excessive surplus of straw.This topic comes from the public welfare industry(agriculture)research special fund project,research on the technical indicators of reasonable cultivation of dry land(201503116—09).The straw smashing and deep burying machine is the main work tool for realizing the intelligentization of straw stalks.The existing machines mostly have the problems of long length of straw smashing and insufficient depth of returning fields.The technology of burying and returning to the field needs to reach more than 20cm,combined with the technical requirements for the construction of reasonable tillage in rain-fed dryland in the brown loam area of the Northeast Plain,and the agricultural technical requirements of the corn farming conditions and farming methods proposed by the Northeast Agricultural Experts,combined with the The technique of constructing the reasonable cultivation layer of dry land in the dry row and loose soil structure is designed,and the“corn stalk smashing and deep burying machine”is designed,and the drag reduction analysis and field experiment are carried out.The main results achieved during the research process are as follows:(1)According to the requirements of technical indicators for the construction of reasonable tillage in the dry land of the Northeast Plain,combined with the agricultural technical requirements for deep burying of straw,the key components of the machine work were deeply studied,and the whole machine was designed according to the actual field conditions.Rack,transmission system,straw picking and smashing device,integrated conveying device,bionic ditching device and overburden pressing device,and rational layout,design and analysis of components to realize important functions,complete the straw into the ground Collecting smashing,material transportation,deep trenching and overburden cracking work,the straw is buried in the field.(2)Studying the technical parameters of each device of straw deep-buried and returning machine,the smashing and smashing device adopts the squeezing straw smashing device combined with the moving knife,and the Y-shaped boring tool is adopted in the movable knives.The angle is 45°.The designed integrated conveyor is equipped with a spiral outer diameter of 240mm,a pitch of 200mm,a screw shaft diameter of 120mm,a distance between the inner diameter of the conveying pipe and the outer diameter of the spiral of 5mm,and a spiral thickness of 3mm.The productivity is 2.4kg/s,the inner diameter of the fan impeller is0.28m,and the impeller and wind are designed.The machine housing has a pitch of 0.018 m and an impeller diameter of 0.164 m.The speed nf of the fan in the fan conveying system is 2100r/min.Considering various losses and factors under actual working conditions,the fan speed is designed to be 2200r/min.A large-scale scraper covering device for shockproofing is designed,which can complete the covering work of the actual soil covering amount.The design of the repressing device adopts the common design of the reeling roller.The diameter of the rectifying sleeve is 400mm,and the width of the pressing is 600mm.It can meet the repressive requirements in the normal work of the implements and the technical indicators for the construction of reasonable tillage in dry land.(3)Using Matlab to carry out the bionic design of the key components of the corn stalk blasting deep buried burial machine,the zigzag design proportion of the bionic cutting edge of the bionic grooving knife was determined,and the theoretical knives movement trajectory was analyzed to determine the whole bionic opening.The groove device has a design radius of300mm and a mounting angle of 32°.The EDEM software is used to simulate the field working condition of the bionic trenching device.The bionic ditching device has a certain effect of reducing drag and reducing compared with the ordinary ditching device,and the actual soil trough verification test is carried out for the simulation simulation phenomenon.The results show that the bionic cutter of the bionic design can reduce the resistance by about9.48%compared with the ordinary ditch cutter.(4)Using the design method of three-factor five-level two-rotation orthogonal test to carry out 23 field experiments,the main order of the factors affecting the deep burying rate of straw is:straw coverage>ditch depth>machine advance speed The influence of various factors on the working efficiency of the machine is the order of the machine's forward speed>trenching depth>straw coverage,and the regression calculation shows the theoretical best working parameters when the deep burial rate weight is 0.7 and the working efficiency weight is 0.3.The advance speed of the machine is 1.63 m/s,the ditching depth of the trenching device is 27.97 cm,and the surface straw coverage is 34054 kg/hm~2.When the working parameters are the above conditions,the deep burying rate of the straw is 90.491%,and the working efficiency is 0.54 hm~2/h.The optimized parameters are in line with the technical requirements for deep burial of straw.