Effects Of Long-term Fertilization On Tomato Growth And Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities In Intensive Agroecosystems

As an important soil functional microorganism,Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi?AMF?is closely related to crop growth and health.At the same time,this kind of special fungal community is also affected by agricultural measures such as fertilization.It is important to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on its community structure and function.In this study,a single experiment of nitrogen fertilizer?N?,single application of organic fertilizer?M?,organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer?N+M?on tomato growth,photosynthetic,soil physical and chemical properties and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were studied.Impact.The results of the experimental study indicate that:?1?Different fertilization treatments have a significant impact on the physical and chemical properties of tomato “Century Pink Crown”.Long-term single application of nitrogen fertilizer will reduce the p H of the soil,and the application of organic fertilizer can significantly alleviate the acidification of the soil.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer were 29.50 g·kg^-1,1.39 g·kg^-1,167.87mg·kg^-1,222.87mg·kg^-1 and 203.37 mg·kg^-1,which increased by 38.30%,65.48%,259.64%,230.91% and 363.99%,respectively,followed by single application of organic fertilizer and single application of nitrogen fertilizer,and the control treatment was the lowest.?2?Different fertilization treatments had significant effects on the growth difference of tomato “Century Pink Crown”.In general,the plant height,stem diameter,plot yield and sugar content of tomato “Century Pink Crown” were the highest with organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer,which were 177.67 cm,8.91 mm,21.43 kg and4.83mg·kg^-1,respectively.Secondly,single application of organic fertilizer,single application of nitrogen fertilizer,the lowest control treatment.Organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer can promote tomato growth better than single application of nitrogen fertilizer and single application of organic fertilizer.?3?The net photosynthetic rate of tomato “Century Pink Crown” under different fertilization treatments was organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer>single organic fertilizer>single nitrogen application>control,transpiration rate showed organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer>single nitrogen application>single Application of organic fertilizer>control showed that organic fertilizer combined with nitrogenfertilizer can better improve transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate,and it is more helpful to promote the formation of photosynthetic products and increase yield.?4?Long-term single application of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the species diversity of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,and the application of organic fertilizer will increase the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhiza in soil.The dominant species of soil fungi in this area is the genus Glomus;the dominant fungal species are the genus Glomus,Paraglomeromycetes and Archaeosporomycetes;the dominant species include the genus Glomus,the genus Glomus,the genus Aspergillus and the spores Cyanobacteria;the dominant genus is Glomus.The results of NMDS and heatmap analysis indicated that the soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community structure was changed under different fertilization treatments,and the application of organic matter increased the soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community differences;and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community was compounded by organic fertilizer.Significant changes occurred under nitrogen treatment.?5?Pearson correlation analysis showed that long-term different fertilization treatment significantly changed the physical and chemical properties of tomato soil,and then affected the diversity and structure of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community.Soil p H,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus are the main reasons for the community structure changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.In conclusion,long-term fertilization has different effects on tomato growth,photosynthesis,soil physical and chemical properties and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities.Among them,organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve soil,improve soil fertility,and maintain the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,increase tomato yield.