Morphological Comparison Of Embryonic Development Of Chicken And Duck And Spatio-temporal Expression Of ALX1 Gene In The Beak Of Chicken And Duck

Chicken embryos are model organisms for studying poultry.However,due to the wide variety of poultry species,the diversity of hatching period,and great differences between waterfowl and land poultry,chicken embryos development have limitations as a model for poultry.In this experiment,Jinding duck eggs were hatched and the embryo development of duck was established to solve this problem.At the same time,Sanhuang chicken were hatched,and the embryo development of chicken and duck were compared.This is convenient for scholars who study both land and waterfowl.Moreover,embryonic development also plays an important role in the study of avian beak,limbs,feathers and transgenic poultry.At the same time,due to the development of the modern intensive poultry industry,poultry embryo disease has caused economic losses and affected the development of the poultry industry.This study will also be helpful to the study of avian embryopathyDuring the evolution of birds,the beak also produced diversity due to the adaptation of birds to various ecological environments.Through the review of the literature,we found that the ALX1 gene affects the development of human frontal nose,the facial development of zebrafish and the shape of the Darwinan finches.We want to know whether the ALX1 gene affects the development of the beak of chickens and ducks.In this experiment,the expression of ALX1 gene in the beak of chicken and duck was verified by in situ hybridizationIn summary,the aims of this study were to:(1)establish a complete morphological developmental staging for ducks(Anas platyrhynchos);(2)compared to the embryonic staging system by Hamburger and Hamilton(HH)for the chicken(Gallus gallus).;(3)based on the expression of ALX1 gene at different stages of chicken beak or duck beak development,the effects of ALX1 gene on the development of chicken and duck beak were studiedThe results showed that:(1)This is the first description of complete embryonic development for the duck.Establishment of an embryonic staging system for duck provides new models for the study of waterfowl development.(2)The morphological development in the chicken,and duck are similar in the early stages.The major differences occurred after stage 27 of embryonic development,where the beak shape in ducks was wider and longer than in chickens.In addition,the second and third interdigital webs of the hind limb of the chicken were found to be degraded from stage 31,and eventually vanished at stage 35,however,they were retained in ducks.(3)According to the expression of ALX1 gene,it was found that ALX1 gene plays an important role in the development of chicken beak and duck beak.