Analysis On Main Chemical Components And Establishment Of Tissue Culture System Of Edible Chrysanthemum Introduced In Sichuan Province

Edible chrysanthemum is a homologous plant of medicine and food.It has the characteristics of beautiful flower pattern,long flowering period and nutrient-rich.It contains medicinal ingredients such as volatile oil and flavonoids,and has pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation,anti-virus,anti-tumor and blood pressure lowering,which has broad prospects for development in China.Although there are some reports on the component analysis and tissue culture of edible chrysanthemum,it is still lack of corresponding reports on the edible chrysanthemums introduced in Sichuan province.Based on the previous research,this paper determined the chemical constituents of four varieties(lines)of edible chrysanthemum introduced in Sichuan,compared the differences between the main nutrients and functional health components of edible chrysanthemum under different processing and storage methods.A high-quality edible chrysanthemum variety(lines)was screened out from four edible chrysanthemum varieties(lines),and its tissue culture system was established in order to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction cultivation of edible chrysanthemum in Sichuan,as well as variety breeding and production processing.The following are the main research results:1.The chemical compositions of volatile oil from four varieties(lines)of edible chrysanthemum introduced in Sichuan were identified by GC-MS with steam distillation.Quantitative analyses were carrired out by peak area normalization method.The four edible chrysanthemum varieties(lines)SYJ1,SYJ2,SYJ3 and SYJ4 used in the experiment were detected to contain 37,33,25 and 38 volatile components in the flowers.Of them,18 chemical components were identical,including ?-pinene;1,8-cineole;bicyclo(3,1,1)hept-2-en-4-ol;2,6,6-trimethy-acetate;?-elemene;(-)-?-caryophyllene and ?-cubebene.But the contents of volatile oil components varied greatly among different varieties(lines).All the volatile components of four varieties(lines)of edible chrysanthemum contained bicyclo(3,1,1)hept-2-en-4-ol,2,6,6-trimethy-acetate with the contents more than 10.00%.Especially,the content in SYJ3 was up to 33.51%.Therefore,bicyclo(3,1,1)hept-2-en-4-ol,2,6,6-trimethy-acetate could be used as a special aroma substance for edible chrysanthemum in this experiment.2.The main nutrients(amino acid,soluble sugar,soluble protein,ascorbic acid)and functional health components(total flavonoids,,chlorogenic acid,quercetin and baicalin)of four varieties(lines)of edible chrysanthemum were determined by titrimety,ultraviolet spectrophotometry and HPLC methods.The results showed that the contents of main components in edible chrysanthemum were significantly different among different varieties(lines).The amino acid content of SYJ3 was the highest.The soluble sugar content of SYJ1 was the highes.The content of soluble protein and total flavonoids in SYJ2 was the highest.The contents of ascorbic acid,quercetin and baicalin of SYJ3 were significantly higher than other varieties(Line).There was no significant difference in chlorogenic acid content between SYJ2,SYJ3 and SYJ4.In summary,SYJ3 flower has a higher content of nutrients and functional health care ingredients,which can be promoted as a high-quality edible chrysanthemum variety(line)in sichuan.3.The effects of different processing and storage methods on the contents of main nutrients and functional health components of edible chrysanthemum were studied by oven drying,vacuum freeze-drying,4? refrigeration and-20? freezing.It was found that the content of main components in edible chrysanthemum was different due to different processing and storage methods and varieties(lines).Compared with fresh chrysanthemum,the contents of amino acids and chlorogenic acid in dried edible chrysanthemum were higher,and the content of other components was significantly lower than that of fresh chrysanthemum.the contents of quercetin and baicalin after drying and freeze-drying storage significantly higher than refrigerated and frozen treatment.The total flavonoids content after freeze-dried of SYJ1,SYJ2 and SYJ4 was not significantly different from fresh samples.The ascorbic acid content in edible chrysanthemum after drying was significantly higher than other treatments.The soluble sugar content of SYJ1 and SYJ2 after lyophilization and the soluble protein content after frozen storage were significantly higher than fresh samples.And the soluble sugar content of SYJ3 and SYJ4 after refrigerated treatment was significantly higher than that of fresh samples.In summary,in order to preserve the content of main components of edible chrysanthemum,drying treatment is a suitable processing and storage method of edible chrysanthemum.4.The leaves,stem slices,petals,buds,inflorescence axis,peduncles,stem tips,bud stem segments and axillary buds of edible chrysanthemum SYJ3 were used as explants for the systematic study of disinfection,callus induction,adventitious bud induction,proliferation culture,rooting and transplanting.The results showed that 75% alcohol and 0.1% mercury chloride were fitted to be used as explant disinfectants.The optimal disinfection methods for the different explants were different.The length of disinfection time was as follows: leaves>petals,buds,bud stem segments and stem slices>stem tips,inflorescence axes,peduncles and axillary buds.MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L and MS + 6-BA 3.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L were the best formulas for the induction of callus from edible chrysanthemum explants,and were also the optimum callus induction formulas for petals and buds.As the ratio of 6-BA and NAA decreased,the callus adventitious bud induction of leaves,stem slices,inflorescence axis and peduncles could promoted.In the meantime,it was found that the low concentration of 6-BA and NAA hormone combination had a significant effect on the induction of adventitious buds in edible chrysanthemum explants.IAA had a significant inhibitory effect on the induction culture of edible chrysanthemum.The ideal explants were petals and buds overall.The suitable medium for shoot bud proliferation is MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L + KT 0.1 mg/L,with the proliferation coefficient of 8.27.1/2MS + NAA 0.4 mg/L + IBA 0.2 mg/L was the optimal formula for root culture,with the rooting rate of 94.07%,and the average rooting number of was 8.90.The suitable transplanting substrate was sand: vermiculite: soil = 1:1:1,and the survival rate was 96.67%.