| Yellow quail has high meat,egg,medicinal and experimental value.At present,the amount of quail culture in China has a certain scale,but in the production practice of some diseases,the occurrence of quail breeding has brought great distress,the previous research on quail mainly focused on production performance,feather color genetics and the cultivation of new strains,such as the systematic study of yellow feather quail immune organs less;IL-2,IL-21 to B cells The differentiation and development of T cells and NK cells were regulated,and the research on IL-2 and IL-21 was mainly carried out in humans and mice,and concentrated on IL-2 and IL-21 and related diseases,and no reports were made on the distribution and changes of immune organs in the central quail of IL-2 and IL-21.The purpose of this experiment is to study the morphological structure and developmental changes of thymus and bursal of Fabricius in different week of Chinese yellow quail,and to study the distribution characteristics and changes of IL-2 and IL-21 in the thymus and bursal of Fabricius of yellow quail,to develop the immune procedure in the growth process of yellow quail and to further explore the relationship between IL-2?IL-21 and body immunity provides morphological basis.This experiment selected 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38 weeks old healthy Chinese yellow quail,a total of 90,divided into 15 groups,each group of 6.The growth index,histological structure,developmental changes of ultrastructure and the distribution and variation of IL-2 and IL-21 in thymus and bursal of Fabricius of yellow quail from birth to 38 weeks old were studied by anatomical,histological,electron microscopy and SABC immunohistochemical staining.The results of light microscope and electron microscope showed that 0—4weeks,the weight,index,long diameter and wide diameter of thymus and bursal of Fabricius were on the rise,and reached the maximum in the 4th week,5—6 weeks showed a downward trend,and the 10 th week and later decreased obviously.Cortex area/medullar area was gradually decreased with the age,and with the differentiation of cortex and medulla,the cortical and medullary area increased,and the medullary area increased faster.The Hassall's corpuscle of 0 weeks old gradually formed,the number of Hassall's corpuscle was gradually increased with age,reaching a maximum at the age of 6 weeks and then decreased with age.With the aging,the area of the bursal nodule increased first and then decreased,in the 4th week to reach the maximum,cortex area/medullar area was gradually decreased.In the late stage of bursal of Fabricius,the bursal nodule was constantly replaced by loose connective tissue,degraded and shrunk,and finally became a black residue.Electron microscope observation showed that: the natural apoptosis was found in thymocyte and bursal of Fabricius.The main changes of apoptoic cells appeared in nucleus.The chromatin were condenses.The proliferation of mitochondria happened to apoptotic cells.The immunohistochemical results showed that IL-2 and IL-21 positive cells responded to the central immune organs,cytoplasmic yellow or brownish yellow,nuclei blue,round,oval and irregular round,negative control cytoplasm without yellow or brownish-yellow reaction.In thymus,IL-2 and IL-21 are mainly distributed around thymus medulla and Hassall's corpuscle,a small amount distributed in the medulla junction and cortical part;In the bursal of Fabricius,IL-2 and IL-21 are mainly distributed in the mucosal inherent layer of the bursal of Fabricius,and a small amount is distributed in the cortex or medulla of the bursal of Fabricius.In thymus,the expression of IL-2 and IL-21 positive cells increased first and then decreased with increasing age,and the expression was the most at 2 weeks old.In the bursal of Fabricius,the expression of IL-2 and IL-21 positive cells was less than that of thymus,decreased with the increase of age,and the highest expression at 6 weeks old.The results showed that The changes of thymus development of yellow feather quail with aging,the 0-4-week age is a vigorous period,and the trend of gradual degeneration after 5 weeks of age,the characteristics of the development and aging of yellow feather quail bursal,0-4 weeks age is the period of vigorous development,5-6 is the period of developmental stability,and the age of 6-38 weeks is gradually degraded.IL-2 and IL-21 were distributed at all stages of the thymus and bursal of Fabricius of yellow quail,and the expression level was higher in the developed and matured of thymus and bursal of Fabricius,and lower in tne degenerated stage,which may be related to the proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis of T and B lymphocytes in central immune organs. |
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