Comparison And Identification Of Two Wild Irises From Heilongjiang Province

Two wild irises(YW116,YW90)were taken as the experimental materials which were collected from different regions of Heilongjiang Province and I.sanguinea was used as control material.Two materials were compared from five aspects including botanical traits,seed characteristics,microstructure,chloroplast mat K and hybrid affinity.They were ultimately identified by reference to the related literatures and specimens.The main results were as follows: 1.The differences in botanical traits of YW116,YW90 and I.sanguinea were mainly as follows: flowering leaf width,fruiting leaf width,leaf texture,leaf color,flower stem branching,flower color shade,flower stem height,ovary length,fruit shape,fruit length and the arrangement of the seeds in the fruit chamber.2.The seed shape of YW116 was oblate and the seed shapes of YW90 and I.sanguinea were semicircular﹣oblate.There were significant differences in the shape,length,width and thickness of seeds of YW116,YW90 and I.sanguinea The water absorption rules of the three materials were basically the same,but their water absorption curves were not completely overlapped.Among them,the water permeability of the seed coat of I.sanguinea was the worst while YW90 was the best.The germination rate,germination potential and germination index of the three materials were significantly different under the same temperature condition.The most suitable germination temperature of YW116 was 20℃-30℃ while YW90 was 25℃-30℃.The seeds of I.sanguinea had dormancy.3.The pollen shapes of YW116 and I.sanguinea were subprolate while YW90 was prolate.The spine of I.sanguinea was the widest and its mesh size was the smallest.The spine width and mesh size of YW116 and YW90 were similar.The equatorial view,the aperture,the exine ornamentation and the protrusion structure of the pollens of these three materials were the same.4.The spine of the YW116 seed coat was obviously higher than the mesh and there were grooves on the spine but they were not obvious and there were little folds in the mesh.The spine of the YW90 seed coat was slightly higher than the mesh,with wider grooves on the spine and more folds in the mesh.The spine and mesh of the I.sanguinea lied on the same plane and there were distinguish grooves between the mesh and the mesh,each mesh had an unequal large number of irregular folds.5.The leaf epidermal cell shape of YW116 was fishnet-like rhombus,the size of epidermal cell was 5.17×8.5 μm~2 and the stomatal density was 5.94×10~4/mm~2.The leaf epidermal shape of YW90 was enlongated,the size of epidermal cell was 1.39×14.82 μm~2 andthe stomatal density was 1.57×10~4/mm~2.The leaf epidermal cell shape of I.sanguinea wafishnet-like rhombus,the size of epidermal cell was 1.70×10.70 μm~2 and the stomatal densitwas 2.15×10~4/mm~2.The epidermal cell shape and stomatal density of the three materialvaried greatly.6.The phylogenetic tree baed on the chloroplast mat K of 14 irises showed that YW11 had close genetic relationship with YW90,I.sanguinea and I.sibrica(collected froRussia).Compared with YW116,YW90,I.sanguinea and I.sibrica were more closelrelated.Compared with I.sibrica,YW90 and I.sanguinea were the closest relatives.7.The fruit setting rate of hybridization between any two of the three materials was highYW116×YW90 was 57.14%,YW90×YW116 was 46.67%,YW116×I.sanguinea was 42.85 I.sanguinea× YW116 was 52.00%,YW90×I.sanguinea was 33.38%,and I.sanguineaYW90 was 32.14%,which indicated that the gentic relationship among the three materialwas relatively close.8.According to different characteristics of YW116 and YW90 and the classificatiostatus of I.sanguinea and by reference to related literatures and specimens,YW116 waidentified as I.tyfifolia and YW90 was initially identified as I.sibrica that was a new recorspecies in China.