The Botanical Characteristics Frequency Distribution Of Apricot Varieties In Central Asia Ecological Species Group Under The Habitat Of Luntai Fruit Resources Nursery Inxinjiang

[Objective]: Xinjiang is one of the origin centers of apricot in the world and has abundant apricot germplasm resources.Among them,the central Asia ecological species group is the largest one among the existing cultivated and local species in Xinjiang.However,the lack of cultivars in multiple mature and storage-resistantance hinders the healthy development of Xinjiang apricot industry.In this paper,the Botanical characteristics of apricot cultivars with different genotypes cultivated in the same oasis were analyzed,which belong to the apricot cultivars of central Asia ecological group.This paper aims to understand the characteristics and adaptability of apricot varieties in central Asia ecological species group in Xinjiang under the habitat of Luntai fruit resources nursery,and to provide assistant for the development and utilization of apricot varieties in central Asia ecological variety group in xinjiang.[Methods]: 80 apricot varieties of central Asian apricot species group of Xinjiang were taken as the research object,the tree age of all varieties was 30 a,grafted on mountain apricot rootstock,the row spacing of the plants was 4m×6m,the cultivation and management under normal conditions,the tree body was healthy and the tree potential was moderate.Field observation combined with indoor detection and analysis,the Botanical characteristics of flowering pollination,branches and leaves,fruits and seeds of the selected varieties were analyzed and studied to understand the individual and group characteristics of the 80 varieties,as well as the adaptability to the arid oasis environment.[Results]:(1)The initial flowering period of apricot cultivars of the central Asian ecological population in Luntai is very concentrated,mostly around April 1,and the flowering period lasts for a short time,mainly in 5-7 days.The petals of apricot in this ecological group are mostly white,round or oval.The natural fruiting rate is mainly distributed between 4%-10%,the number of self-incompatibility varieties accounts for 92.50% of the total number of observed varieties,and there are only 6 self-compatibility varieties.Among them,‘Saimaiti’and ‘Teerwan yulvke’ are the best apricot cultivars of self-compatibility,which are excellent materials for studying self-compatibility and cultivated in facility apricot.‘Suluke’with pink petals,‘Huang qiligan’with dark pink petals,‘Cala azang’ with light pink purple petals and ‘Akayi’ can be promoted as ornamental species.(2)The exhibition leaf period of apricot cultivars in central Asian ecological species group in Luntai in mid-to-late April and the leaf fall period from mid-to-late October to early November,among which the leaf fall period of‘Winter apricot’ were at the latest.In order to adapt to the high temperature,high light intensity and dry climate of oasis habitat and reduce water evaporation,the leaves of apricot species in central Asia ecological group in Xinjiang are small,mainly oval and oval,with fine hairs on the back,and relatively small annual branch growth.(3)The fruit ripening period of apricot cultivars in central Asia ecological varieties group in Luntai was very concentrated,and 88.75% of the species matured between June 15 and July 19.The mature varieties of mayesan was the earliest in June and the extremely late mature varieties was winter apricot in mid-october,which were excellent materials for research of breeding.The fruit of the apricot species in this varieties group is mainly oval,most of the fruit surface were not fuzz,and most of the fruit were not colored or a little colored,the fruit were small.The abundant photothermal resources and the large day and night temperature difference under the oasis environment made the apricot varieties in this ecological group have sweeter fruit flavor and more juice.The seed kernel were oval or round,with thickness thick,and the seed kernel were sweet.The seed germination rate was lower.(4)There was an extremely significant positive correlation between leaf area and blade length,blade width and blade circumference.The correlation between single fruit weight and fruit lateral diameter was the highest.There was a significant negative correlation between kernel yield and seed germination,but no significant correlation between kernel weight and seed germination.The correlation between leaf characteristics and fruit quality was not strong.[conclusion]: Apricot cultivars from the central Asia ecological species group in Xinjiang had developed good adaptability to the environment under oasis habitat in southern Xinjiang.The apricot cultivars were concentrated in the flowering and maturation period,with poor self-compatibility,low fruit setting rate,small leaves and fruits,sweet fruit flavor and more juice.The rich genotype of apricot cultivars in central Asia ecological species group provides us with sufficient raw materials for breeding new cultivars with better quality and characteristics.In the future work,it is necessary to further enrich the basic data of apricot varieties in the central Asian ecological cultivars in xinjiang,classify them according to their shape characteristics,establish a database,and promote the development and utilization of germplasm resources in the central Asian ecological cultivars.