| Perinatal period is a particularly critical period in dairy cow production,and it is also a frequent period of diseases and death.Ketosis is one of the most important massive metabolic diseases caused by NEB induced glucose and lipid metabolic disorder in perinatal dairy cows,will lead to lactation and milk quantity decline and increase the risk of secondary diseases,inducing a large amount of economical loss.Adipokines are widely involved in the metabolic and endocrine regulations of the body,especially regulating glucose-lipid metabolism,showed important potential connection in ketosis.Early warning with blood indicators can effectively reduce the occurrence and loss of ketosis,but the current indicators for early warning of ketosis are relatively single and the system is not perfect.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to summarize the changes of serum adipokines in ketosis and health cows during perinatal period,and to explore the correlation between adipokines and ketosis and whether they can be used as early warning indicators of ketosis.It can lay the foundation for revealing the action mechanism of adipokines in ketosis,and provide a theoretical basis and data support for improvement and development massive healthy monitoring system in dairy cows breeding.In this study,21 cows healthy and 17 ketosis cows were chosen from 60 weight 597±53 kg,BCS 3.39±0.27,2-4 parity,about to enter the perinatal Holstein cows in a large-scale semi-closed unified feeding farm in Sichuan.Tail venous blood was collected at 56 d,49d,42 d,35d,28 d,21d,14 d,7d antepartum,delivery day and 7d,14 d,21d 28 d,35d,42 d,49d,56 d postpartum.Serum ADP,LEP,resistin,IL-6,TNF-α,BHBA,NEFA,Glu,TG,and INS,concentrations were detected,summarized the changes of each indexes in ketosis and health cows during perinatal period and analyzed the differences between them;expanded sample size and divided the ketosis cows into type I(n=13)and type II(n=14)ketosis groups,calculated RQUICKI,and explored the correlation between adipokines and ketosis;finally,binary logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis were used to determine the early warning index and the optimal threshold value of ketosis in dairy cows.The results are as follows:1 Changes of serum adipokine in perinatal ketosis and health dairy cows.The results showed that:(1)Serum levels of BHBA,NEFA,Glu,INS and TG in ketosis and healthy dairy cows maintained relatively stable levels in the prenatal period,but after delivery,the levels of BHBA and NEFA in ketosis and healthy dairy cows increased significantly at first,then decreased gradually,but the increase of ketosis cows was more obvious and the recovery time was longer.Serum levels of Glu and INS in healthy dairy cows and serum Glu in ketosis cows showed a downward trend.However,the serum INS level of ketosis cows increased.(2)The levels of serum ADP,LEP,resistin,IL-6 and TNF-a in ketosis and healthy dairy cows remained stable before delivery,but changed significantly after delivery.The levels of ADP,resistin,IL-6 and TNF-a increased,while the levels of LEP decreased,and the changes of ketosis dairy cows were greater.2 The correlation between adipokines and ketosis in perinatal dairy cows.The results showed that:(1)Serum BHBA level of type I ketosis cows was significantly higher than that of type II ketosis cows(P<0.01),and serum INS level of type II ketosis cows was significantly higher than that of type I ketosis cows(P < 0.01),but RQUICKI was significantly lower(P<0.01);serum ADP level of type I ketosis cows was significantly higher than that of type II ketosis cows(P<0.05),while LEP,resistin,IL-6 and TNF-α levels were lower than those of type II ketosis cows,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).(2)In type I ketosis,serum BHBA levels cows were negatively correlated with INS and LEP levels(P<0.01),but positively correlated with ADP levels(P<0.01),and ADP level was negatively correlated with LEP levels(P<0.05).(3)In type II ketosis cows,serum INS level was positively correlated with resistin(P < 0.05).RQUICKI was positively correlated with ADP level(P<0.05),but negatively correlated with resistin,TNF-α and IL-6 level(P<0.05).ADP was negatively correlated with resistin and TNF-α(P<0.05).LEP was positively correlated with TNF-α(P<0.05).Resistin was positively correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.05).IL-6 and TNF-α had significant positive correlation(P<0.01).3 Early warning function of serum energy balancing index and adipokines for ketosis.The results showed that:(1)Serum BHBA and NEFA concentrations could be used as early warning indicators of ketosis on 14 and 7 days antepartum,the optimal threshold concentration of BHBA were more than 0.42 mmol/L and 0.34 mmol/L,corresponding sensitivity were 58.8% and 76.5%,specificity were 81.0% and 66.7%;the optimal threshold concentration of NEFA were more than 0.47 mmol/L and 0.32 mmol/L,corresponding sensitivity were 58.8% and 94.1%,specificities were 90.5% and 47.6%.(2)Serum ADP,LEP,resistin,IL-6 and TNF-α were not suitable for the early warning indexes for ketosis,but Logistic curves of those adipokines are getting close to statistical significance with the upcoming delivery day.Conclusion:(1)The levels of serum ADP,LEP,resistin,IL-6 and TNF-α of perinatal dairy cows were affected by ketosis,and showed different biological functions in type I and type II ketosis cows.(2)Serum BHBA and NEFA concentrations could be used as early warning indicators of ketosis on 14 and 7 days antepartum but ADP,LEP,resistin,IL-6 and TNF-α were not suitable for the early warning indexes for ketosis in this experimental data. |
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