Community Composition Of The Related Fungi From Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv. And Its Active Constituents

Based on the traditional microbial plate isolation and culture and high-throughput sequencing technology analysis,fungal community composition and the influence on active components of Eucommia ulmoides in three producing areas,Zunyi County of Guizhou Province,Cili County of Hunan Province and Wangcang County of Sichuan Province were studied.Analysis of correlation of the soil physicochemical factors and four main active compounds,rosinol pinoresinol diglucoside,chlorogenic acid,geniposide and geniposide acid.To explore whether there are geographical differences in the composition of rhizosphere fungi and endophytic fungi in different producing areas,and whether these differences are related to the geographical soil composition and several active components of Eucommia ulmoides,the following research conclusions are obtained:There are obvious differences in culturable fungal community endophytic and rhizosphere soil of Eucommia ulmoides in three producing areas.Based on tthe morphological characteristics and molecular identification,the results showed that 111 fungal isolates were obtained from the Eucommia ulmoides bark which belonged to 14 genera.Among them,Diaporthe,Phomopsis,and Alternaria were the common genera of three producing areas,Diaporthe was the main dominant genus.However,187 fungal isolates were obtained from the Eucommia ulmoides rhizosphere soils which belonged to 20 genera,and Penicillium was the main dominant genus.Based on high-throughput sequencing technology,the fungal community compositions of the rhizosphere soils from Eucommia ulmoides in three producing areas,Zunyi County of Guizhou Province,Cili County of Hunan Province and Wangcang County of Sichuan Province,were analyzed.A total of 10 775 effective sequences of rhizospheric fungi were obtained.The corresponding fungal group of OTUs after clustering belonged to 6 phyla(Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota,Glomeromycota,Chytridiomycota,Rozellomycota),22 classes,59 orders,103 families,108 genera and 550 fungal taxa(OTUs).At the genus level,119 genera were found in samples from Cili Hunan,and the dominant genus was Fusarium with relative abundance of 16.31%,followed by Mortierella(14.67%),an unclassified genus of Chaetomiaceae(13.01%),Trichoderma(11.37%)and so on.There were 116 genera in samples from Wangcang of Sichuan,and the dominant genus was Hyphodontia with relative abundance of 32.32%,followed by Fusarium(13.41%).The samples from Zunyi in Guizhou yielded 110 genera,and the dominant genus was Mortierella with relative abundance of 30.74%,followed by Trichoderma(25.96%)and Fusarium(4.85%).The alpha diversity in rhizosphere soil showed significant differences in the composition of fungal community of Eucommia ulmoides rhizosphere in different habitats.The Shannon indexes of the three samples was arranged from high to low in order of ECS(2.7661)> EZS(2.4841)> EWS(2.1326).In conclusion,the composition of fungal community,the relative abundance of species and the dominant taxa varied in the rhizosphere soil of Eucommia ulmoides from different regions.Based on high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic technology,the community composition and ecological functions of endophytic fungi in the bark of Eucommia ulmoides from three producing areas,were also analyzed.A total of 110 865 effective sequences of endophytic fungi were obtained in the study.The corresponding fungal group of OTUs after clustering belonged to 3 phyla(Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota),10 classes,25 orders,41 families,57 genera and 74 species.Among them,the dominant genera of Sichuan Wangcang Bark of Eucommia ulmoides(EWP)was an unclassifiedgenus in the Nectriaceae of the Crimsonaceae,with a relative abundance of 54.79%;The dominant species of Hunan Cili Bark of Eucommia ulmoides(ECP)was the unclassified genus of Ascomycota,with a relative abundance of 39.97%and the dominant species of Guizhou Zunyi bark(EZP)was Lophiostoma,and its relative abundance was 47.07%.The analysis of ? diversity indicated that the shannon diversity index of endophytic fungi from different places was as follows: EZP:1.3804> ECP:1.3402>EWP:1.1683;The simpson diversity index was: EWP(0.427 3)> EZP(0.332 5)> ECP(0.313 6).FUNGuild software platform analysis displayed that endophytic fungi of Eucommia ulmoides bark from three producing areas contained the following 14 functional groups: plant pathogen,animal pathogen and endophyte et al.,the number of functional groups in the 3 samples of Eucommia ulmoides reached up 8 genera and exceeded one half of the total number.Analysis of correlation of the soil physicochemical factors and four main active compounds,including rosinol pinoresinol diglucoside,chlorogenic acid,geniposide and geniposide acid,with fungal community,the results showed that EWS has the highest content of active compounds,followed by ECS,and EZS was the lowest and even absence of geniposide.The correlation analysis between the active components from different habitats and the soil rhizosphere fungi taxonomic units showed that,in EWS samples from Wangcang,Sichuan province,the contents of rosin pinoresinol diglucoside and chlorogenic acid were positively correlated with some undefined fungi,Hyphodontia,Ilyonectria,Fusarium,and Purpureocillium.It indicated that there are different degrees of positive correlation in fungal communities with the rhizosphere soil physicochemical factors and the main active compounds.The structural spectrum of the fungal community composition in the rhizosphere soil is of important feature of geoherbalism of Eucommia ulmoides.Correlation analysis between the endophytic fungal community and four active constituents of Eucommia ulmoides showed that,there are different degrees of positive correlation between the unidentified genus Davidiellaceae in endophytic fungi,Mortierella,Chaetomium and Pestalotiopsis and rosinol pinoresinol diglucoside,chlorogenic acid in the Sichuan Wangcang sample(EWP).