| In order to explore the production technology of high-yield and high-yield soybeans,in this study,a spring soybean cultivar Chuandou 16 was used as the test material,and single-factor test for different sowing dates,density and nitrogen application rate and orthogonal rotation combination test of these three factors were carried out in two years respectively in Guang'an and Ya'an.The effects of sowing date,planting density,and nitrogen application on the seed yield and seed vigor of Chuandou 16 were studied.The main findings were as follows:(1)Sowing date significantly affected the seed yield and seed vigor of Chuandou 16,and the seed yield of Chuandou 16 was significantly increase with the appropriate sowing tine,and the seed vigor was also high.The seed yield had a trendency of rising first and then decreasing with the delayed sowing date.The seed yield was the highest when sowing on April 10,which was 2,076.15 kg/hm~2 at Guang'an site and 2,533.05 kg/hm~2 at the Ya'an site,and then the seed yield declined with the delay of sowing time.The effect of sowing date on the vigor seeds of Chuandou 16 was the appropriate early sowing(April 3-10),the seed germination potential,germination index and vigor index were the highest,and the protective enzymes such as SOD,POD,CAT and so on had higher activity,low MDA content and strong resistance to adversity.(2)Planting density also has a significant effect on the seed yield and seed vigor of Chuandou 16,and reasonable close planting could effectively increase the seed yield of Chuandou 16,and reap high vigor seeds.With the increase of planting density,the seed yield of Chuandou 16 was increased at first and then decreased.The seed yield was the highest at 251,100 plant/hm~2,which was 2194.51 kg/hm~2 in Guang'an site and 2570.71kg/hm~2 in Ya'an site.Planting density continued to increase,with 277,900 plant/hm~2,the seed yield declined significantly.Meanwhile,under the planting density of 250100 plant/hm~2,the seed vigor and protective enzyme activity of Chuandou 16 were also high,the MDA content was the lowest.Increasing or decreasing the density is unfavorable to the production of high vigor seed.(3)Nitrogen application significantly affected the seed yield and seed vigor of Chuandou 16,and appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer(urea)could also effectively increase the seed yield of Chuandou 16 and enhance seed vigor.In Guang'an site,150 kg/hm~2 of nitrogen fertilizer was applied during the vegetative growth period of soybean,the seed yield was 2054.85 kg/hm~2.At the Ya'an site,using nitrogen fertilizer112.5 kg/hm~2,the seed yield was 2440.05 kg/hm~2.The seed yield decreased by increasing or decreasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.The highest nitrogen application rate of Chuandou 16 in Guang'an site was 150 kg/hm~2,and in Ya'an site was 112.5 kg/hm~2.Therefore,the application of nitrogen fertilizer(urea)of 112.5 kg to 150 kg per hectare can effectively improve the seed yield of of Chuandou 16,and it is beneficial to the production of high vigor seeds.(4)The regression equation of sowing time,density,nitrogen application rate,which effect on the seed yield and seed vigor,were established by orthogonal rotation combination test of three factors such as sowing time,density and nitrogen application.According to the regression equation,the best combination seed yields of Chuandou 16 is:sowing date April 6th,density 250,100 plant/hm~2,and nitrogen application rate 112.5kg/hm~2;under this combined condition,the seed yield can reach 2942.53 kg/hm~2 in Guang'an site and 3168.11 kg/hm~2.in Ya'an site.The best combination of the highest seed vigor about sowing date,density,and nitrogen application rate for Chuandou 16 is different in Guang'an site and Ya'an site.In Ya'an site,the best combination is:sowing in April 6th,the density of 250,100 plant/hm~2,112.5 kg/hm~2 of nitrogen application rate.In Guang'an site,the best combination was:sowing in April 6th,the density of 250,100 plant/hm~2,135kg/hm~2 of nitrogen application rate. |
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