Effects Of Clostridium Butyricum Supplementation On Reproductive Performance,Milk Composition,Blood Indicators And Intestinal Microbial In Late Gestating And Lactation Of Sows

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of clostridium butyricum(UCN-12)on the reproductive performance and gut microbiota in pregnancy sows.A total of 180 healthy gestation sows with similar genetic background(Landrace×Yorkshine),back fat(14.73 ± 1.35)and parity(2.42 ± 1.19)were randomly divided into four groups:untreated control group(basal diet),CB1 group(basal diet + 0.1%UCN-12),CB2 group(basal diet + 0.2%UCN-12)and CB3 group(basal diet + 0.4%UCN-12).The experiment was conducted from day 90 of sows gestation to weaning when piglets 21 days old.The duration of farrowing,total piglets of born,live-born piglets,still born,birth weight of live-born piglets,total litter weight at birth,mean weaning weight of piglets,mean weaning litter weight,mean litter weight gain,lactation average daily feed intake,lactation BF loss,Weaning-estrus interval were recorded and Birth weight,Mean weaning weight,Mean litter weight gain were counted to assessing the reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets.Fecal samples of sows were collected on the first,d14 and d21 of lactation to determine the gut microbiota using the 16 S rDNA method.Colostrum and milk of d14 lactation samples of sows were collected on days 110 of gestation and days 14,days 21 of lactation.respectively to determined milk composition and Immunoglobulin of sow milk.The sows' venous blood sample was collected on the first,14 th and 21 th day of lactation and piglets' venous blood sample was collected on 14 and 21 days old respectively to determine the serum indexes.The results were as follows:1.Reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets: The duration of piglet born to the next was extremely significantly(P<0.01)reduced in these group which sows were supplemented with Clostridium butyricum during late gestation compared with the control group.Sows supplemented with 0.2%Clostridium butyricum diet significantly(P<0.05)reduced the duration of farrowing Compared with the control group and tend(P=0.076,0.092and0.071)to increasesmean weaning weight of piglets,mean weaning litter weight and mean litter weight gain.2.Colostrum and milk composition : Compared with the control group,sows supplemented with 0.2% Clostridium butyricum diet and 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet could extremely significantly(P<0.01)increase the level of solids non-fat in milk on d14.sows supplemented with 0.2% Clostridium butyricum diet could extremely significantly(P<0.01)increase the level of protein in milk on d14 and significantly(P<0.05)increase the level of Lactose in milk on d14.3.Serum MDA concentrations: Compared with the control group,the serum MDA concentrations of the sows supplemented with 0.2% Clostridium butyricum diet and 0.4% Clostridium butyricum on d0 and d14 of lactation were extremely significantly(P<0.01)reduced;Compared with the control group,the serum MDA concentrations of the piglets on 14 days old in sows supplemented with 0.2%Clostridium butyricum diet and 0.4% Clostridium butyricum were significantly(P<0.05)reduced,moreover sows supplemented with 0.2% Clostridium butyricum diet and 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet tend(P=0.097)to reduce the serum MDA concentrations of the piglets on 21 days old.4.Serum antioxidative indicators: Compared with the control group,the sows supplemented with 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet significantly(P<0.05)increased the T-AOC of the sows on the d0 and d14 of lactation,moreover the sows supplemented with 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet tend(P=0.072)to increase the T-AOC of the sows on d21 of lactation.Sows supplemented with 0.2% Clostridium butyricum diet significantly(P<0.05)increased serum catalase activity in sows on d21 of lactation.Sows supplemented with clostridium butyricum diet extremely significantly(P<0.01)increased the T-AOC of piglets 14 days old.Sows supplemented with 0.2% Clostridium butyricum diet and 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet can extremely significantly(P<0.01)improve the T-AOC of piglets 21 days old.5.Immune index: Compared with the control group,the sows supplemented with0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet could significantly(P<0.05)increase IgMconcentration in the serum of sows on d0,d14 and in colostrum of lactation.sows supplemented with 0.2% Clostridium butyricum diet and 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet could significantly(P<0.05)increase the IgM concentration in milk of sows.Compared with the control group,Sows supplemented with with 0.2% Clostridium butyricum diet significantly(P< 0.05)reduced serum cortisol concentrations in piglets14 days.Compared with the control group,sows supplemented with 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet extremely significantly(P<0.01)reduced serum endotoxin concentrations in piglets 14 days.Clostridium butyricum addition extremely significantly(P<0.05)reduced serum endotoxin levels in piglets 21 days and significantly(P<0.05)reduced serum endotoxin levels in sows on d 21 of lactation.6.Serum hormone: Sows supplemented with 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet significantly increased sows serum serotonin concentration on d0 and d14 of lactation(P<0.05).7.Volatile fatty acids in fecal samples: Compared with the control group,sows supplemented with 0.2% Clostridium butyricum diet and 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet significantly(P<0.05)increased the butyric acid level in feces of sows on d14 and d21 of lactation.Sows supplemented with 0.4% Clostridium butyricum diet could significantly(P<0.05)increase the level of butyric acid in feces of sows on days110 of gestation.8.16 S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region showed that fecal microbial changes at different taxonomic levels treated by 0.2 % Clostridium butyricum addition improved health of lactating sow gut.(1)Lactating stage and 0.2 % Clostridium butyricum had an interaction on the ? diversity index of fecal microbial composition,0.2 % Clostridium butyricum had increased the Observed species and Chao 1 index on L21 of lactation(P < 0.00).(2)The PCA revealed that the composition of sow microbiotas.Fecal microbial composition was also profoundly altered by 0.2 % Clostridium butyricum with distinct changes occurring at perinatal period.(3)At phylum,regardless of the diet and lactation stage,Firmicutes andProteobacteria were found to be the dominant bacterial phyla in the sows.Compared with the control group,0.2 % Clostridium butyricum had significantly decreased the abundance of Actinobacteria(P < 0.05).However,no difference in fecal microbial at phylum of each lactation stage.(4)At genera,compared with the control group,0.2 % Clostridium butyricum had significantly increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group(P< 0.05),and had a tendency to decrease the abundance of Streptococcus(P=0.084).However,the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group was decreased(P <0.05),from days 110 of gestation to days 21 of lactation.(5)At species,compared with the control group,0.2 % Clostridium butyricum had significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus_delbrueckii(P < 0.05),at the same time,decreased the abundance of Escherichia_coli and Streptococcus_hyointestinalis(P < 0.05).In summary,the supplementation of 0.2% Clostridium butyricum to the diet of sows during late gestating and lactation reduced the endotoxin levels,reduced stress,reduced the duration of farrowing of sows and the duration of piglet born to the next,improved the antioxidant capacity and immunity,thereby improving the growth performance of the piglets.The supplementation of 0.2% Clostridium butyricum to the diet of sows during late gestating and lactation altered the gut microbial composition and increased the abundance of probiotics of sows,and was beneficial to the gut health of sows.