| At present,the safety of national livestock and poultry products has been increasingly concerned.Probiotics have been widely concerned because of their characteristics of green and no residue.Clostridium butyricum has also been widely used,and has the advantages of strong tolerance and high safety.A total 600 one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 24 broilers per replicate,which were divided into control group and 4 experimental groups.The control group was fed a basal diet,and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with Clostridium butyricum at the rates of 125,250,500 and 1000 mg/kg,respectively.In the experiment,the effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,immune function,serum biochemical indexes,antioxidant capacity and intestinal indexes of Chinese color-feathered chickens aged from 1 to 55 days were researched.The main results are listed as follows:1 Growth performance,carcass traits and meat qualityThe FCR of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum groups at 1 to 21 days of age was decreased by 23.85%(P<0.05)and 19.26%(P<0.05),respectively.At 22 to 55 days of age,the ADG in 250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),increased by 16.80%.At 1 to 55 days of age,the ADG in 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),increased by 16.64%and 12.25%,respectively;Compared with the control group,the FCR of broilers in 250 and 500 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum groups was significantly decreased by 16.22%and 13.93%(P<0.05),respectively.The dressed carcass percentage of broilers supplemented with 500 and 1000 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum was observably lower than that in control group and other treatment groups(P<0.05),decreased by 3.64%and 3.87%,respectively.The abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage in 125 mg/kg supplemental group were observably lower than that in control group(P<0.05),with the decrease of 45.99%.The meat color(L)index of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum supplementation groups was observably higher than that of control group(P<0.05),increased by 26.36%and 33.40%,respectively.The meat color(a)index of 500 mg/kg and 1000mg/kg Clostridium butyricum supplementation groups was lower than that of control group(P<0.05),with the decrease of 42.28%and 23.17%,respectively.The conductivity index of 125 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum supplementation groups was observably lower than control group(P<0.05),with the decrease of 33.24%and 27.22%,respectively.2 Serum biochemical,immune function and antioxidant capacity indexesThe albumin level of 250 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg supplementation groups was observably higher than that of control group(P<0.05),with the increase of 43.54%and 25.03%,respectively.Serum ammonia level in 250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum supplemental group was observably lower than that in control group(P<0.05),was reduced by 18.25%.The serum phosphorus content of broilers was observably improved(P<0.05),and the serum phosphorus content of 250,500 and 1000 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum supplemental groups was increased(P<0.05)by 23.71%,22.57%and 26.86%,respectively.AKP content in 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum supplemental groups was not significant(P=0.05),and AKP content was reduced by 35.54%and 63.33%,respectively.Dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyricum had no significant effect on immune organ index of broilers(P<0.05).Dietary supplementation of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum significantly increased the level of immunoglobulin G(IgG)(P<0.05),improved by 110.00%and 116.67%,respectively.Dietary supplementation of 125 mg/kg,250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum had increased immunoglobulin M(IgM)levels(P<0.05),increased by 64.64%,57.32%and 45.20%,respectively.Serum:Dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyricum can increase the activity of T-AOC and T-SOD in serum of broilers.The T-AOC activity in 1000 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum group was improved by 53.11%compared with the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,serum T-SOD activity in 500 and 1000 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum groups was improved significantly(P<0.05)by 77.10%and 81.81%,respectively.The serum GSH-Px activity in 500 and 1000 mg/kg groups was observably reduced(P<0.05)by 26.45%and 57.42%,compared with the control group,respectively.Tissue(Breast muscle):GSH-Px activity in 125 mg/kg,250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum supplemental groups was observably higher than that in control group(P<0.05),increased by 19.45%,27.48%and 16.38%,respectively.T-SOD activity in 125 mg/kg and 1000mg/kg Clostridium butyricum supplemental groups was observably higher than that in control group(P<0.05).3 Small intestinal morphology,enzyme activity and cecal microorganismJejunal morphology:The V/C of 250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum treatment group was observably higher than that of control group(P<0.05),with the addition of 36.76%,and was observably higher than that of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg treatment groups(P<0.05).Ileum morphology:villus height in all Clostridium butyricum treatment groups was observably higher than that in control group(P<0.05),with the addition of 32.43%,32.56%,37.20%and 34.02%,respectively.Compared with the control group,the amylase and trypsin activities of 250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum group were increased by 76.86%and 61.51%,respectively(P<0.05).The number of Escherichia coli in Clostridium butyricum treatment groups was observably lower than that in control group(P<0.05),decreased by 23.80%,21.25%,17.53%and 14.20%,respectively.The number of Bacillus diaerobacter cultured in 1000mg/kg Clostridium butyricum treatment group was observably higher than that in control group(P<0.05).In 250 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum treatment groups,the number of Bacillus diaerobacter was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),with the addition of 20.09%and 33.33%,respectively.In conclusion,Clostridium butyricum can observably improve the growth performance,carccarcous traits and serum protein metabolism related indexes of broilers,improve the immune performance and antioxidant capacity,improve the function of small intestine,and reduce the reproduction of harmful bacteria.Under the conditions of this experiment,considering the economic factors and the measured indexes,the optimal supplemental level of broilers aged from 1 to 55 days was 250 mg/kg. |
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