| As the end-product of polyamine biosynthesis,spermine promotes the development of ovaries and follicles,and interacts with hormones to regulate ovarian function in female,and improves antioxidant activity.Spermine contents,the expression levels of Lhr and Er changed in goose granulosa cells down-regulating of overexpressing Oaz1,as well as E2 levels in granuloma cell culture medium.These results suggested that spermine might be relative to reproductive hormones and their receptor.The antioxidant ability of spermine was greater than that of putrescine and spermidine.Spermine could not only directly obliterated ROS,but also promoted the antioxidant ability of endogenous antioxidant enzyme system by improved SOD enzyme activity and GSH biosynthesis.In summary,spermine regulates reproductive function through mediating synthesis and secretion of reproductive hormones,and also controls the antioxidant capacity in animals.However,the reports related to spermine regulating the contents of reproductive hormones in serum,the expression levels of reproductive hormone receptor genes and antioxidant ability of the ovary in birds were scarce.Therefore,in this study,the contents of putrescine,spermidine and spermine in various tissues were measured by the optimized method using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and then the profiles of polyamines distribution in tissues in Sichuan White geese.Adult female geese at the age of 170±5 days were intragastricly treated with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg(body weight)spermine two weeks.The effects of spermine on reproductive function and ovarian antioxidant function in geese were investigated.The results showed that:(1)putrescine content in the ovary was significantly higher than other examined tissues(p < 0.05),and the lowest concentration of putrescine was observe in breast muscle in all of the examined tissues.The concentration of spermidine in spleen was significantly higher than other tissues(p < 0.05),the lowest concentration of spermidine was observed in thigh muscle in all of the examined tissues.The highest concentration of spermine was determined in the lung,which was significantly higher than the cerebrum,cerebellum,heart,liver,kidney,glandular stomach,duodenum,breast muscle,thigh muscle and ovary(p < 0.05).The lowest concentration of spermine was observed in thigh muscle in all of the examined tissues.(2)The ovary index and ovarian morphology in prelaying geese treated intragastricly with exogenous spermine were not significantly different compared with the control(p > 0.05).(3)After the treatment of exogenous spermine,the expression levels of Azin1,Samdc and Apao were significantly increased in goose ovaries,respectively(p < 0.05).The expression levels of Azin2,Oaz1,Odc,Spds and Spms were significantly decreased,respectively(p < 0.05).Compared with the control,the expression levels of Oaz2,Smo and Ssat in ovaries of geese treated with spermine were not significantly different(p > 0.05).The concentration of spermidine was significantly increased in ovaries of geese treated with 10 mg/kg spermine(p < 0.05),and the concentration of putrescine and spermine were not significantly different compared with the control(p > 0.05).No significant change was observed in the concentration of putrescine,spermidine and spermine in ovaries of geese treated with 5 mg/kg spermine compared with control(p > 0.05).(4)The expression levels of Fshr,Lhr and Er2 in ovaries of geese treated with 5 mg/kg spermine decreased significantly,and were 0.46-,0.47-and 0.47-fold compared with the control,respectively(p < 0.05).The expression levels of Fshr,Lhr,Erl,Er2 and Pr in ovaries of geese treated with 10 mg/kg spermine decreased significantly,and were 0.37-,0.20-,0.31-,0.62-and 0.39-fold compared with the control,respectively(p < 0.05).The concentration of P4 in serum of geese treated with 10 mg/kg spermine was significantly decreased,and was 0.91-fold compared with the control(p < 0.05).However,the concentration of FSH,LH and E2 in goose serum were not significantly different compared with the control(p > 0.05).(5)The activities of SOD and CAT in ovaries of geese treated with 10 mg/kg exogenous spermine were significantly increased,and were 1.18-and 1.49-fold compared with the control(p < 0.05).The main conclusions are as follows:(1)By adjusting and optimizing the processes of extraction and purification,the detection period of polyamine content was shortened to 9 min,and the accuracy and accuracy of polyamine detection are improved.(2)The content of polyamine in goose tissues was tissue-specific.The database of polyamine contents in different tissues of geese were filled out.(3)Exogenous spermine maintained polyamine homeostasis by mediating the expression levels of key genes related to polyamine metabolism in goose ovaries.(4)Exogenous spermine regulates ovarian function in the goose by down-regulating the expression levels of Fshr,Lhr,Er1,Er2 and Pr in goose ovaries and P4 content in goose serum.(5)Exogenous spermine improves the antioxidant function in goose ovaries by up-regulating SOD and CAT activities in ovaries of geese. |
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