| Giardia duodenalis is an intestinal parasitic protozoa,which has important public health and veterinary significance.Giardia duodenalis can infect a variety of animals,including people,livestock,and wild animals,and cause chronic diarrhea and intestinal stress syndrome in humans and animals.The parasite was first recognized by the WHO as a zoonotic parasite in 1979,and was then considered to be one of the world's most common causes of diarrhoea.So far,a lot of reports about animals infected by Giardia duodenalis have been reported at home and abroad,but no epidemiological and genotyping reports about Giardia duodenalis infecting captive NHPs in southwestern China and giant panda have been reported yet.Therefore,epidemiological investigation and genotype identification of Giardia duodenalis in captive NHPs in part of the southwest China and gaint panda were carried out in order to lay a foundation for further exploring the epidemiology of wild animals infected Giardia duodenalis.To understand the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in captive NHPs in part of the southwest China,a total of 206 captive NHPs' fecal samples were collected,including the National experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory in Southwest China(n=31),Chengdu Gaoxin rhesus macaque farm(n=60),Ya`an rhesus macaque base(n=30),Guiyang Zoo(n=50),Ya'an Bifengxia Zoo(n=24),Chengdu Zoo(n=11).After extracting DNA,the ?-giardin(bg)gene was amplified by nested PCR,and the positive samples were further characterized by PCR amplification of the tpi and gdh genes,and the amplified products were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was carried out.The results showed that 16 of the 206 samples were positive for Giardia duodenalis,and the total infection rate was 7.8%.The infection rate of Giardia in different areas and different kinds of non-human primates was very significant(P<0.05).Based on bg,tpi and gdh gene,5(Bb4,BIII,BIII-1,B1,BIII-2),6(B7,WB6,WB8,EB5,BIV,B9)and 1(BIV)genotypes were identified respectively,including two new genotypes(BIII-2,B9),and BIII,BIV B1 and EB5 are zoonotic genotypes,suggesting that Giardia duodenalis from NHPs has the risk of human zoonosis.Based on multilocus genotyping(MLGs),16 positive samples formed 9 MLG subtypes,phylogenetic analysis processed with the reported sequences in Giardia duodenalis from NHPs as a reference,and 4 Clusters were formed(Cluster1-4).The results showed that MLG-B13 and MLG-B26 had close relationship with the reported sequences,and the rest MLGs were clustered alone,which may exist geographical isolation.To understand the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in gaint panda,a total of 148 gaint pandas' fecal samples were collected,including Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding(n=65),Dujiangyan Giant Panda Base(n=11),Yaan Bifengxia Giant Panda Base(n=17),Wolong Hetaoping Giant Panda Base(n=5),Wolong Gengda Giant Panda Base(n=22),Zoos in China(n=28).It was found that 6 pandas were infected with Giardia duodenalis with a total infection rate of 4.1%.There was no significant difference in the infection rate of Giardia duodenalis in different age and sex(P>0.05).Based on bg gene,2 assemblages of Giardia duodenalis were found(assemblage D and assemblage E),and assemblage E is dominant(n=5).The results suggest that Giardia duodenalis may be spread among different species,and the known host range of Giardia may be further expanded... |
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