Effect Of Ridge And Furrow Planting With Supplemental Irrigation Based On Measuring Soil Moisture On The Growth,Quality And Water Use Efficiency Of Winter Wheat

Agricultural water resources are seriously wasted,rainfall is less and unevenly distributed,and crop production is greatly affected by water in GuanzhongPlain.Therefore,solving the water problem is the fundamental way to improve the wheat yield in GuanzhongPlain two-year ripening area.At present,in wheat cultivation,local farmers mainly use flat cropping to increase flooding irrigation,which not only increases the total production input,but also is not conducive to improving the water use efficiency of wheat.Ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting technology and soil moisture supplementary irrigation technology are two high-efficiency water-saving cultivation techniques.In this study,two plantation methods(ridge and flat planting)and two irrigation methods(flooding irrigation by measuring soil moisture and Flood irrigation),namely RS,FS,Rf and Ff,were set up to study the effects of different planting methods combined with irrigation methods on soil moisture,growth,yield,quality,water use efficiency and economic benefits.In order to provide winter wheat production in GuanzhongPlain.The main research results are as follows:1)Under the same planting conditions,the total water consumption of the field treated by soil moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation during the whole growth period of wheat was much lower than that treated by flooding irrigation,and the water saving was 58.07%-70.98%.Under the same irrigation mode,furrow and ridge planting reduced the total water consumption of farmland and saved water by 3.70%-12.16% compared with flat planting.At the same time,the water use efficiency(WUE)of winter wheat could also be improved by supplementary irrigation with soil moisture measurement and furrow planting with ridge film.WUE of winter wheat treated with RS and FS increased by 59.32% and 28.88% compared with Ff;WUE of RS treatment was 23.62% higher than that of FS treatment,WUE of Rf treatment was 45.06% higher than that of Ff treatment.2)The total stem number,panicles number at maturity and leaf area index of wheat under furrow ridge treatment were better than those under the same irrigation method,and there was no significant difference in panicle yield among different treatments,which indicated that furrow ridge cultivation could promote wheat growth.There was no significant difference in leaf area index and nitrogen accumulation between measuring soil moisture treatment and traditional irrigation(Ff)treatment,which indicated that soil moisture supplementary irrigation could achieve water-saving effect while ensuring the growth of winter wheat.3)Under the same irrigation mode,Ridge Film furrow planting was more beneficial to yield improvement than flat planting.The yield of Rf treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The number of panicles and yield of Rf treatment were 5.34% and 29.98% higher than that of Ff treatment,respectively.The number of panicles and yield of RS treatment were 10.35% and 17.80% higher than that of FS treatment.RS treatment did not carry out irrigation during the whole growth period,giving full play to the advantages of furrow and ridge,soil moisture measurement,there was no significant difference in yield with Ff treatment;For FS treatment,only 3.53% of the irrigation water was treated with Ff,but 75.8% of the grain yield was achieved,which had a great potential for yield increase.In addition,supplementary irrigation with soil moisture measurement was also beneficial to improve wheat protein and gluten content,which were 1.49%-2.09% and 3.59%-4.75% higher than flooding irrigation.4)The total input of Rf is 10.74% higher than that of traditional planting Ff treatment,but the net income is 49.27% higher,and the economic benefit is considerable.RS treatment did not need irrigation during the whole growth period,and saved water and labor.Under the condition of "sudden drop of temperature" and drought,the ratio of net income to output and input was higher than that of Ff treatment.The net income of FS treatment was 79.83% under the condition of 96.47% less irrigation than that of Ff treatment,which had a great potential for yield increase.