Ecological Response Of Blueberry Roots To Different Fertilizers

In order to explore the effects of different fertilizers on mycorrhizal infection,root physiology,root morphology and root spatial distribution of cultivated blueberries,seven-year-old Vaccinium ashei Reade cultivars `Britewell'and `Powderblue' were used as test materials to develop the six single-factor treatments of soybean meal Bio-bacterial fertilizer(DP),haohuahong organic fertilizer(HH),potassium sulfate compound fertilizer(KS),blueberry special fertilizer(LZ),fulvic acid chelating compound fertilizer(HF),Runtian cattle microbial compound fertilizer(RT)and no fertilizer(CK)by opening ditches under field conditions in Majiang County,Guizhou Province,from 2015 to 2018.The soil physical and chemical properties and mycorrhizal infection of blueberry after different fertilization treatments were analyzed.The differences,correlations and spatial distribution of physiological characteristics and root morphology.The results showed that:(1)Mycorrhizal fungi were common in blueberry cultivated in Majiang.After fertilization treatment,britewell mycorrhizal infections were distributed in grade 2 and 3,and all Powderblue was distributed in grade 3.Only DP treatment significantly increased brilliant mycorrhizal infections,while all six fertilizer treatments except HF treatment could significantly increase the mycorrhizal infections of pink blue(P < 0.05).Through microscopic examination,it was clearly observed that blueberry mycorrhizal fungi had obvious septate hyphae,multiple invasion points,and the hyphae invaded more local root epidermis was absent.(2)Compared with the control,the root vigor of Powderbiue was significantly increased by applying 6 kinds of fertilizers(P < 0.05),The root vigor of Powderblue after fertilization ranged from 127.37 to 248.51 g/(g.h),and the root vigor of DP,RT and HH treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments.Moreover,fertilization significantly reduced MDA content in Powderblue root system,and DP decreased the most.The MDA content in Britewell and Powderblue roots decreased by 4.26% and 27.73% of CK,respectively.The MDA content of Britewell root decreased significantly in most treatments,but not significantly in HF and RT treatments.(3)Fertilization could effectively improve root morphology of blueberry.Root surface area and root length density of two blueberry varieties were significantly increased after different treatments.For Britewell,RT treatment had the best comprehensive evaluation of root morphology,followed by DP and LZ treatment,and HH,RT and LZ treatment had the best comprehensive evaluation of root morphology of Powderblue.(4)In vertical direction,the roots of blueberry were more concentrated in 10-20 cm deep soil layer without fertilization.Fertilization treatment could mostly increase the distribution of roots of blueberry in other soil layers;in horizontal direction,the roots tended to distribute closer to the main roots,and fertilization treatment made the distribution of roots more uniform in horizontal direction.(5)Fertilizer application could significantly increase the Britewell's plant height.RT,KS and HH treatments had better effect on the plant height of the two blueberries,and RT and KS treatments had the most significant effect on the crown width of the two blueberries.(6)Fertilization can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties.The comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrients in LZ,HF and DP treatments was the highest in the six fertilizer treatments of blueberry,while that in HH and RT treatments was the lowest.(7)In the correlation analysis of blueberry root system and soil,root MDA content is generally affected by soil factors.The correlation of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and hydrolyzed nitrogen on root morphological index of blueberry was more common,and the content of total potassium in soil was significantly correlated with root activity.Root diameter was positively correlated with soil pH,negatively correlated with total potassium and available potassium,and negatively correlated with mycorrhizal infection rate and root activity,respectively.(8)LZ,HF and DP treatments had the best comprehensive effect on soil fertility,while RT and HH treatments had the worst effect on soil fertility,but had a significant effect on Blueberry root system.In conclusion,fertilization can generally improve soil acidity,increase root activity,decrease MDA content,increase root biomass density and total root surface area,and evenly distribute root system in space.The root morphological growth of Powderblue was generally better than that of Britewell under no fertilization,and the root morphological indexes of Powderblue after different treatments were generally better than Britewell,but the growth rate of Britewell's root Index was higher than CK.The effects of different treatments on different root indexes were different.After comprehensive evaluation,RT and HH treatment had better comprehensive evaluation on root physiology and morphology of the two varieties.The soil comprehensive evaluation of LZ,HF and DP treatments was higher than that of other fertilizer treatments.