Current Status Of Livestock Anthrax In China And Prevention And Control Of Livestock Anthrax In Yan'an Region

Anthrax is a serious disease that seriously endangers the health of humans and animals.It is a zoonotic infectious disease.Many animals can be infected.Acute infections are more common in cattle and sheep.Human infections are mostly associated with exposure to animals that carry an anthrax pathogen or disease.Although the occurrence of animal anthrax in China has declined in the past 10 years,there have been reports of occurrence.There are few detailed statistics on animal anthrax.It is necessary to carry out sufficient data collection and analysis to analyze the occurrence and prevalence of domestic animal anthrax,and provide reference for the prevention and control of this disease.Equine often has atypical clinical symptoms,which may cause misdiagnosis and delayed reporting.In July 2015,an anthrax epidemic and human infection occurred in Yan'an region,Shaanxi Province.After multi-sector cooperation,the epidemic was eliminated and accumulated.Some experience in the treatment of epidemics has provided important experience in the fight against the anthrax epidemic in March 2018.In this paper,the occurrence and analysis of domestic animal anthrax in 2005-2018 were carried out.The statistics of animal anthrax in Yan'an region,Shaanxi Province from 1950 to 2018 were combined.The occurrence and disposal of two animal anthrax were used to understand the animals in China and Yan'an region.The occurrence and prevalence of anthrax provides an important reference for the prevention and control of animal anthrax.This paper has obtained the following results:(1)In the 14 years from 2005 to 2018,there were 453 cases of animal anthrax reported in China,and the number of infected animals was 3,642.The number of annual outbreak reports in 2005-2012 exceeded 30,with an average of 39.6/year,and the average number of infected animals was 193/year.Except for more than 30 epidemics reports in 2016,the average annual number was 22.7 in 2013-2018 and 156 animals per year.In 2017,11 epidemics were reported,starting from 23 in 2018.The epidemic has obvious regional characteristics.It mainly occurred in the northwest and southwest of China.In 2005-2018,221 animal anthrax were reported in the northwest,accounting for 48.78%(221/453)of the national total;128 cases were reported in the southwest,accounting for 28.25%(128/453).A total of 50 reports were reported in the Northeast,accounting for 11.03%(50/453),and 40 reports were reported in North China,accounting for 8.83%(40/453).There were 10 cases in South China and 4 cases in East China,and no epidemic situation was reported in Central China.According to the statistics of the epidemic reported in the past 14 years,the occurrence of anthrax has obvious seasonality.More common in May-September,a total of 316 animal anthrax were reported,accounting for 69.76%(316/453);among them,the peak incidence was from July to August,and 170 cases were reported,accounting for 37.53%(316/453).In the species of diseased animals,cattle anthrax reported the most,242 cases,accounting for 53.42%(242/453),and 1,791 cases of cattle,accounting for 49.18%(1791/3642).There were 76 reports of pig anthrax,569 pigs,accounting for 16.78%(76/453)and 15.62%(569/3642)respectively;41 cases of sheep anthrax,858 sheep,accounting for 9.05%(41/453))and 23.56%(858/3642).There were 19 reports of equine anthrax,and 65 horses were affected,including 4.19%(19/453)and 1.78%(65/3642).There were 47 epidemics of mixed diseases and 5 other animals(dogs and chickens).(2)There were reports of animal anthrax in 28 years in the Yan'an region of 1950-2018 in Shaanxi Province.In the 12 counties and districts,there were reports of epidemics.The main animals were cattle,sheep and horses.Animals,a total of 3,675 heads,2,907 deaths(only),the mortality rate of 79.10%(2907/3675).From July 2015 to June 2016,an anthrax epidemic occurred in Ganquan County.There were 84 animal diseases in 18 natural villages,including 27 scorpions,13 scorpions,34 cattle and 10 sheep.In March 2018,an anthrax epidemic occurred in Zhidan County,with 40 sheep and 40 deaths.(3)Analysis of anthrax epidemic in Ganquan County from July 2015 to June 2016The animals initially infected with the epidemic were sputum and sputum,which showed sudden death,bloating of the corpses and subcutaneous jelly-like exudation,which did not attract attention and was reported in time.The villagers privately sold the dead animals and added the factors that breed blood-sucking insects,causing the spread of the pathogens.In addition to this,the outbreak occurred in the same year as the drought,the over-grazing of villagers,the exposure of soil,river and ditch,and the increased contact of anthrax spores in animals and soil.After the diagnosis of the epidemic,the local authorities urgently took measures to eliminate,disinfect and eliminate the source,and strengthen the immunization,so that the epidemic situation was quickly controlled.In the blockade area,the daily disinfection area was 834,000 m2,and the number of emergency immunization animals was 182,967(including 1 horse,1005 horses,224 horses,5827 cows,9556 pigs,and 166354 sheep).No cases of anthrax appeared after June 2016.