Effects Of Banlanced Fertilization On Water And Nutrient Of Soil And Winter Wheat Yield Under Different Water Conditiongs

The experiment involved four supplementary irrigation levels (R0:0mm, R1:112mm,R2:156mm and R3:200mm), four nutrient levels (Y1:N13.9, P2O54.65, K2O15.3kg hm-2,Y2:N97.5,P2O532.7, K2O107.6kg hm-2, Y3:N181.2, P2O560.6, K2O199.8kg hm-2), andno fertilizer treatments as control. A cement pool culture experiment was conducted toevaluate the effects of nutrient management options on soil water and nutrient environmentand winter wheat yield under different water conditions. To seek the best fertilizercombination under different water conditions and provide a theoretical basis and applicationtechnical support, achieving wheat high yield and sustainable development. The mainconcludions are as follows:1. Soil water storage capacity of Y3was significantly lower than other treatments inregreening stage（P＜0.05）, there are no significant differences among other treatments aboutsoil water storage capacity,during regreening stage, the soil water in0～200cmsoil layercould be decrease by over fertilizing. During jointing stage, appropriate amount offertilizer(Y1,Y2) could increase the soil water storage under R1water conditions. Fertilizationcould promote the soil water absorptance of winter wheat under R2, R3water conditions.From heading to maturatingstage, no fertilizing has caused the soil water was consumedlargely under R0water conditions; Y2fertilization could significantly improve the waterstorage and holding capacity under R1water conditions; fertilization could promote the soilwater absorptance of winter wheat under R2, R3water conditions, applying fertilizer helpspromote the growth of winter wheat, no fertilizing has reduced water consumption, but itseriously affecting the growth of winter wheat, especially filling, that would not be good forincreasing water useefficiency,2. Appropriate water conditions encouraged the absorption of nitrogen in winterwheat; there was no significant effect on the content of soil total phosphorus and potassiumunder different water and fertilizer conditions. Water and fertilizer coupling, which canpromote winter wheat to take up organic matte from soil, high water condition Treatmentcould increasethe absorption of organic matter for under fertilization condition. Fertilizing treament(Y1, Y2) promoted the absorption of organic matte in winter wheat, whichsignificantly reduced the content of soil organic matter under fertilization condition.3. The alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen absorption of winter wheat was closely related to soilmoisture. In the no fertilizer treatment, it was showed that soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogenabsorption increased with the increasing amount of soil moisture; the content of soil alkalinehydrolysis nitrogen was low in the R3under Y1treatments, R1under Y2treatments, and R2under Y3treatments. The soil moisture was significant effected the soil available phosphorusabsorption of winter wheat, the available phosphorus contents of the irrigating treatments waslower than the CK treatments. The soil available potassium was rich collection on the surfacelayer after fertilization, under the low fertilization level, the soil moisture was no significanteffects on the soil available potassium absorption, but in high fertilizition level, the waterdeficit hindrance the absorption available potassium content.4. There were no significant differences between Y1and Y0for the nitrate nitrogencontent and accumulation in0~80cm soil layers during flowering stage and filling stageunder the same water condition. Compared with Y0and Y1treatments, the average nitratenitrogen content and accumulation of Y2and Y3increased by98.6%～363.6%and8.2%～260.9%. There were no significant differences between Y2and Y3. The effect of increasedfertilizer application on nitrate nitrogen content and accumulation in80～160cm soil layerswas insignificant. During maturity stage, the nitrate nitrogen accumulation of three fertilizerapplica tion rates in80～160cm soil layers were27.2%～41.0%,44.8%～48.4%and23.7%～49.4%in R3, R2and R1treatment, respectively lower than in no supplementaryirrigation (R0). Due to higher water conditions, soil nitrate nitrogen moved to the deeper soillayer under, which can lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, it may be concluded thatthe reasonable fertilizer application rate level of winter wheat is Y2as it is able to satisfy thenutritional needs of winter wheat growth, reduce nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soils andim prove fertilizer utilization ratio.5. There were no significant effects on the height of winter wheat. Under the same soilwater levels, the wheat population increased with the increasing amount of fertilization byincreased the tillering of winter wheat; the soil moisture were no significant effects onpopulation culm number under the same fertilizer application. The biomass of wheat injointing and flowering stages was increased with the increasing of soil moisture under thesame fertilizer application. In mature stage, under the R0water levels, all the fertilizertreatments were significantly higher than the no fertilizer treatments (P＜0.05)；and Y2, Y3fertilizer treatments was significantly higher than the no fertilizer treatments (P＜0.05) underanother soil moisture levels. 6. Under the different fertilizer levels, the R3water treatments have the highest cropyield, and the crop yield under R1, R2and R3were significantly higher than R0, increased by7.8%,10.8%, and14.0%(P<0.05) respectively. Under the different soil moisture levels, theY2treatments have the highest crop yield, compared with no fertilizer treatment, whichaverage increased by13.3%～24.0%(P<0.05). The fertilizer treatments mostly increased thespike number, kernel number, and thousand seed weight of winter wheat to increased the yield;and the soil moisture treatments only increased the spike number to increased the yield.7. Under the same soil moisture levels, the Y2treatments have the highest water useefficiency of wintern wheat. these numbers are23.24、21.57、48.89、18.06kg hm-2mm-1, andfertilizer treatments was significantly higher than the no fertilizer treatments（P＜0.05) underR0,R1soil moisture levels. There were no significant effects on the water use efficiency ofwinter wheat about soil moisture levels under the same fertilizer levels.8. Under the Y1fertilizer levels, the R2reatments have the highest nitrogen fertilizationagronomic efficiency, compared with no fertilizer treatment, which increased by66.7%（P＜0.05）, under the Y2fertilizer levels, the R1reatments have the highest nitrogen fertilizationagronomic efficiency, compared with no fertilizer treatment, which increased by27.4%（P＜0.05）；under the Y3fertilizer levels, nitrogen fertilization agronomic efficiency was decreaseddramatically. The nitrogen fertilization agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity ofwinter wheat decreased significantly with the increasing amount of fertilization.