Analysis Of Influencing Factors Of Mechanical Harvest Loss Of Summer Maize In Hebei Province

According to the statistics of the State Bureau of Grain and Material Reserve,the total loss in every link of grain production in 2018 is as much as 100 billion kg,which is equivalent to the grain output of 1.3×10~5 km~2 cultivated land.Maize is one of the main food crops,and the loss of quantity and quality in post-harvest is particularly obvious,which will have an important impact on subsequent drying,storage and processing.There are two main ways to increase food supply:one is to increase factor input.Promote the development of science and technology,through innovation,to promote high grain yield;second,conduct in-depth research on grain production and post-production links technology,in order to reduce food loss and waste in production and post-production links.In recent years,with the increase of postpartum loss of grain in China,people from all walks of life pay more and more attention to postpartum loss of grain.In this paper,Xinji City,Hebei Province,was selected as the research point,and 279 farmers in 10 villages and 3 townships under its jurisdiction were investigated on the status of corn harvest losses.The present situation of maize harvest loss in Xinji City,the influencing factors of maize harvest loss and the identification of maize harvest loss were studied.The main results are as follows:First,the average loss rate of maize harvest of farmers in Xinji City is about 2.43%,and the loss rate of maize harvest is concentrated between 2%and 4%.The loss rates of maize harvest in Mazhuang,Bianbo and Tiangongying were 2.22%,2.91%and 2.58%respectively.Secondly,the models affecting maize harvest loss variables were analyzed,and the estimated results showed that"planting scale","maize varieties","machine life","machine level"and"harvesting opportunity"were significant at 1%level,and"agricultural income proportion"was significant at 5%level.Thirdly,the proportion of farmers'agricultural income,the scale of planting,the life of harvesting machinery,the level of manipulator operation and harvesting opportunity have significant negative effects on the loss rate of maize harvest.However,maize varieties had a significant positive effect on the loss rate of maize harvest.Based on the above research results,the following conclusions are drawn:First,the higher the proportion of farmers'agricultural income,the higher the cost of corn harvest loss relative to farmers,the higher the enthusiasm of controlling and managing corn harvest,and the smaller the loss rate.Secondly,the larger the planting scale,the more attention farmers attach to field management,the easier it is to manage the corn production and harvest uniformly,and the smaller the loss rate.Thirdly,the shorter the service life of harvesting machinery,the smaller the wear and tear of its components and the lower the failure rate of machinery,and the lower the loss rate of harvesting.Fourthly,the driver's driving level is high.He can adjust the setting of mechanical parameters in time according to the actual situation of harvesting,and the lower the loss rate of harvesting.To sum up,this paper puts forward the optimization scheme to reduce the loss of corn harvest as follows:in view of farmers,publicize and guide them to join agricultural professional cooperatives,reduce the degree of land fragmentation,and promote the mechanized operation of corn.For the mechanical aspect,the reasonable structure of the picking roll is designed,the shape of the picking roll is optimized,the convex edge height is increased appropriately,and the diameter of the picking roll is reduced;for the manipulator,the training of the harvesting link of the manipulator is strengthened,and the adjustment and setting of the speed and working parameters of the picking roll are trained and guided.;in view of varieties,cultivate maize varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting and actively promote them.