Effects Of Dim Red Light On Mating And Oviposition Of Conogethes Punctiferails In Scotophase

Dim light during scotophase probably enhances artificial rearing of insect population.In this study,we found the mating and oviposition of Conogethes punctiferails were enhanced by dim red light in scotophase.Then,mechanisms of the enhancement was investigated by measurement of female sex pheromone amounts and male antennal sensitivity against pheromones.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.Mating and oviposition.The mating peak of the insects appeared 2-3 days after emergency under different light conditions including red light,darkness,blue light and white light.The oviposition peak appeared 4-6 days after emergency.Under dim red light during scotophase,the number of eggs laid at the peak of oviposition was significantly higher than that under dark conditions.The number of eggs laid by female moths under dim blue light during scotophase was significantly lower than that under dark conditions.The amount of eggs laid in white light during scotophase was significantly higher than that under dark conditions.2.Sex pheromone.The content of E10-16:Ald under red population was significantly lower than dark population at 2ⁿdd day,and there was no significant difference between 3^rd and 4^th days.The content of Z10-16:Ald under red population and dark population no significant difference at 2^nd,3^rd and 4^th days.The content of Z3,Z6,Z9-23:HC and Z9-27:HC under red population was significantly lower than dark population at 3^rd day,and there was no significant difference between 2^nd and 4^th days.3.Pheromone sensitivity.The sensitivity of male antennae to pheromones was tested by Electroantennography（EAG）test.It was found that in the test range of 0.01,0.1,1,10,and 100 female equivalents,the potential response of male antennae to E10-16:Ald in the weak red light during scotophase was significantly higher than in dark conditions at 100 female equivalents.There was no difference in the potential response between weak red light during scotophase and dark conditions at different equivalents of Z10-16:Ald.In the test range of 0.01,0.1,1,10,and 100 female equivalents of Z3,Z6,Z9-23:HC,the antennal potential response was significantly higher under dark conditions than under weak red light during scotophase.In the test range of the Z9-27:HC of 0.01,0.1,1,10,and 100 female equivalents,the potential response of the male antennae under weak red light during scotophase was significantly higher than that under dark conditions at 100 female equivalents.After mixing all the pheromones,the male antennae potential response under weak red light during scotophase was significantly higher than that under dark conditions at all concentrations ranging from 0.1,1,10,100,and 1000 female equivalents.4.Differentially expressed genes A total of 84.58 Gb of Clean Data was obtained by transcriptome sequencing.The Clean Data of each sample reached 7.03 Gb,and the Q30 base percentage was 94.38%and above.After the sample was assembled,99,896Unigenes were obtained,and functional annotations were performed on Unigene,including with NR,A comparison of the Swiss-Prot,KEGG,COG,KOG,GO,and Pfam databases resulted in a total of 32,029 Unigene annotation results.In the dark phase,there are 157 differential genes in the dark phase,90 genes in the dark condition,and 67genes in the down-regulated gene.In the dark phase,there are 194 differential genes in the dark.91 genes were up-regulated and 103 genes were down-regulated.A total of 4genes related to mating and spawning were screened,and the females were IR3 and IR68a.In the dark red light condition,the female IR3 was up-regulated compared to the dark condition,while IR68a was down-regulated;Under the condition of weak red light,the male seminal fluid protein DN50710 and DN59942 showed up-regulation in dark conditions.Quantitatively verified that there was no significant difference in IR3between red and dark conditions,IR68a was down-regulated,and both seminal fluid protein were up-regulated.The results of this indicate that the mating and oviposition of Conogethes punctiferails was enhanced by dim red light during scotophase.The reason of the increase of mating may be related to the sensitivity enhancement of males pheromone perception.Meanwhile,the decrease of sex pheromone amount might be another reason.Additionally,enhancement of oviposition was probably related to the up-regulation of the male seminal fluid protein genes.