| The study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate on nutrient metabolism,growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and intestinal health of growingfinishing pigs.Experiment 1: metabolism test.6 pigs(Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace)weighted 54.2±1.0 kg were assigned to three groups:(i)basal diet(negative control group);(ii)basal diet + 40 g/t bacitracin zinc(positive control group);(iii)basal diet + 2 kg/t sodium butyrate(sodium butyrate group).The trial was divided into three phases,each lasting 7 days.Fecal and urine samples were collected from the fifth day of each phase.The results showed that the digestibility of crude protein,dry matter and crude fat of pigs in the sodium butyrate group and the positive control group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group(P<0.05),and the digestibility of crude fiber in the sodium butyrate group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups(P<0.05).Experiment 2: growth performance test.Thirty pigs(Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace)weighted 27.4±0.1 kg were assigned to three groups:(i)basal diet(negative control group);(ii)basal diet + 40 g/t bacitracin zinc(positive control group);(iii)sodium butyrate group(basal diet + 2 kg/t sodium butyrate).Each group has 10 repetitions.The trial period was 69 d including a 3 day's pre-feeding period.The results were showed as following:(1)compared with the negative control group,the final weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake and eye muscle area of pigs in sodium butyrate group were significantly increased,while the ratio of feed weight/gain weight was significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with the two control groups,the carcass weight of pigs in sodium butyrate group was significantly increased(P<0.05);the backfat thickness at the 10 th rib of pigs in the positive control group was significantly higher than that in the sodium butyrate group and the negative control group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the two control groups,the total plasma protein concentration of pigs in sodium butyrate group was significantly increased(P<0.01);the concentration of plasma urea nitrogen in the sodium butyrate group was significantly lower than that in the two control groups(P<0.01);the plasma concentrations of triglycerides and free fatty acids of pigs in the sodium butyrate group were significantly higher than those in the two control groups(P<0.01).(3)Compared with the two control groups,the total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activity were significantly increased in the sodium butyrate group(P<0.01).(4)The plasma immunoglobulin G concentrations of pigs in the sodium butyrate group and the positive control group were significantly higher than those in the negative control group(P<0.01).Experiment 3: intestinal health.Experiment diet,grouping and operation are as same as those of experiment 2.The results were showed as followed:(1)compared with the negative control group,the pH values of jejunum and cecum of pigs in the sodium butyrate group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the negative control group,the plasma d-lactic acid concentration of pigs in sodium butyrate group was significantly decreased,and the concentration of cell adhesion molecule 1 in jejunum intestinal mucosa was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with the two control groups,the activity of plasma diamine oxidase was significantly decreased in the sodium butyrate group,and the concentration of cell adhesion molecule 1in the colon mucosa was significantly increased(P<0.05);the jejunal and ileal mucosa secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)in the sodium butyrate group and the positive control group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group(P<0.01).(3)Compared with the two control groups,the total protease and lipase activities of jejunal contents in pigs in sodium butyrate group were significantly increased(P<0.01).(4)The jejunal villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in the sodium butyrate group was significantly higher than those in the two control groups,while the crypt depth was lower than that in the two control groups(P<0.05).(5)the Simpson index and Shannon index of cecum microorganisms in pigs of the sodium butyrate group and the negative control group were significantly higher than those in the positive control group(P<0.05);compared with the negative control group,Chao1 index and ACE index of cecum microorganism were significantly decreased in the sodium butyrate group(P<0.05).(6)At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Synergistetes,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the caecum of the sodium butyrate group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with the positive control group,Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were significantly decreased in the sodium butyrate group and the negative control group(P<0.05);the relative abundance of Tenericutes in the sodium butyrate group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group(P<0.05),and lower than that in the positive control group(P<0.05).(7)At the level of genus,the relative abundance of Flavobacterium in pigs in the sodium butyrate group was significantly lower than that in the positive control group(P<0.05),but higher than that in the negative control group(P<0.05);the relative abundance of Succinivibrio of pigs in sodium butyrate group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group(P<0.05),but higher than that in the positive control group(P<0.05);compared with the positive control group,the relative abundance of Anaerovibrio,Megasphaera and Prevotella was significantly increased in the sodium butyrate group and the negative control group(P<0.05);the relative abundance of Dorea and Blautia in pig caecum of sodium butyrate group was significantly lower than that of negative control group(P<0.05);compared with the negative control group,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Coprococcus in pig caecum of the sodium butyrate group and the positive control group was significantly reduced(P<0.05);compared with the two control groups,the relative abundance of pig caecum [Ruminococcus] in sodium butyrate group was significantly reduced(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding sodium butyrate to the diet of growing-finishing pigs can improve nutrient digestibility,growth performance,and intestinal health. |
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