| Water and nutrients are the main limiting factors for maize yield in semi-arid areas.In the semi-arid region,evaporation,rainfall and poor soil lead to low crop yield and low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.Integration of water and fertilizer can improve water use efficiency,fertilizer utilization rate and soil microenvironment.This study was carried out in semi-arid areas of jilin province under the condition of natural precipitation,studied different drip irrigation methods and different irrigation water and fertilizer and their interaction on maize yield and dry matter,the influence of NPK uptake and utilization efficiency,the corn water requirement characteristics and water use efficiency are discussed.The results are as follows1.Effects of different irrigation amount and fertilizer amount on corn yieldThe yield of submembrane drip irrigation(mW1F1-mW2F2)was significantly higher than that of aboveground drip irrigation(dW1F1-dW2F2)and conventional fertilization(W0F1-W0F2),except without fertilization.The results showed that the maize was under suitable water supply and fertilizer application,Mulching can significantly improve maize yield,mW1F1(submembrane drip irrigation)was used as the best treatment.In 2017 and 2018,the annual output is 12941.9kg/hm~2 and 12234.5kg/hm~2 respectively.W0F1 treatment(traditional fertilization),the yield increased by 2565.9kg/hm~2 in 2017 and 2094.8 kg/hm~2 in 2018,respectively.The yield increases were 24.8%and 20.7%,respectively;The yield of mW1F1 treatment(submembrane drip irrigation)increased by 851.9kg/hm~2 and 875.1kg/hm~2 in 2017 and 2018,respectively,compared with that of dW1F1 treatment(overground drip irrigation),and the yield increased by7.0%and 7.7%,respectively.2.Effects of different irrigation amount and fertilizer amount on dry matter accumulation of cornThe change of dry matter accumulation of maize with different irrigation amount and fertilizer amount over time was in line with"S"curve.The two-year data showed slow growth in the early stage,rapid growth in the middle stage,and significant differences in dry matter accumulation in the later stage.The order of dry matter accumulation until maturity is membrane under drip irrigation>the drip irrigation>traditional fertilization.In 2017 and 2018,mW2F2(submembrane drip irrigation)had the largest dry matter accumulation,which was 385g/plant and 360g/plant,respectively.Dry matter accumulation was higher in three stages:jointing stage-bell mouth stage,tasseling stage-filling stage and filling stage-milking stage.The accumulation was highest in tasseling-grouting stage,2017 and 2018 t accounts for 35.2%and 37.5%of the total accumulation respectively.3.Effects of different irrigation amount and fertilizer amount on nitrogen absorption and utilization of maizeThe changes of nutrient accumulation in different irrigation amount and fertilizer amount with time were in line with"S"curve.mW2F2(submembrane drip irrigation)was used to treat the highest total nitrogen accumulation in 2017 and 2018.reaching 227.72kg/hm~2 and 215.37 kg/hm~2,respectively.The average nitrogen accumulation in each treatment stage in the two years was the highest in the tasseling-grouting stage and the average nitrogen accumulation was 51.5 kg/hm~2and 41.9 kg/hm~2,respectively,accounting for 32.7%and 26.2%of the total.The maximum accumulation rates of nitrogen in each treatment in the two years were in the flaring-tassel stage,with the average accumulation rates of 2.55kg/hm~2*d and 2.7kg/hm~2*d,respectively.mW2F1(submembrane drip irrigation)treatment had the highest nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity.The overall trend of the three indicators is shown membrane under drip irrigation>the drip irrigation>traditional fertilization,but there is no significant difference between mW2F1 and mW1F1(subsurface drip irrigation)treatment.4.Effects of different irrigation amount and fertilizer amount on phosphorus absorption and utilization of maizeIn 2017 and 2018,the total phosphorus accumulation was the highest under mW2F2 treatment,reaching 131.9 kg/hm~2 and 110.14kg/hm~2,respectively.The accumulation amounts of phosphorus in each treatment stage in the two years were the highest in the task-grouting stage and the average accumulation amounts were respectively 30.1 kg/hm~2 and 27.3 kg/hm~2,accounting for 29.6%and31.1%of the total accumulation amounts.The maximum accumulation rates of phosphorus in each treatment in the two years were in the bell-tasseling stage,with the largest accumulation rates of 2.55kg/hm~2*d and 2.7kg/hm~2*d,respectively.mW2F1 treatment had the highest utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity,and the overall trend of the three indicators was shown as membrane under drip irrigation>the drip irrigation>traditional fertilization,but the growth difference between mW2F1 and mW1F1 treatment was not obvious.5.Effects of different irrigation amount and fertilizer amount on potassium absorption and utilization of maizeIn 2017 and 2018,mW2F2 treatment had the largest total accumulation of potassium,reaching175.4kg/hm~2 and 170.4kg/hm~2 respectively.The accumulation amounts of potassium in each treatment stage in the two years were the highest in the joining-flaring stage,and the average accumulation amounts in this stage were 48.7kg/hm~2 and 48.8 kg/hm~2,respectively,accounting for 35.8%and 41.3%of the total accumulation amounts.The average accumulation rates were3.48kg/hm~2*d and 3.49kg/hm~2*d,respectively.mW2F1 treatment presented the highest utilization rate,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of potash fertilizer,and the overall trend was shown as membrane under drip irrigation>the drip irrigation>traditional fertilization,but there was no significant difference between mW2F1 and mW1F1 treatment.6.Water demand characteristics and water use efficiency of maize in semi-arid areas of jilin provinceEffects of different irrigation and fertilizer rates on water use efficiency of maize.In the two-year experiment,the water demand in the growth period of corn was 451.9mm and 411.1mm,and the peak stage of water demand was the tasseling-silk-filling period,with the water demand reaching 94.2mm and 96.2mm,accounting for 20.8%and 23.4%of the total water demand.The water demand of maize in the early growth stage was greater than that in the early growth stage,and basically each accounted for half.The maximum water demand intensity in the two-year experiment was bell-task-silking period,and the daily water demand was up to 5.8mm/d and5.6mm/d.With the increase of water supply,water use efficiency of corn showed a trend of decrease,in addition to the habit of fertilizer application,when the irrigation quota of 1500m~3/hm~2 mW1F2 water use efficiency is highest,22.1 kg/hm~2/mm,than dW1F2 drip irrigation(the ground)increased by 6.8%,the significant difference between the various processing,the membrane under drip irrigation water use efficiency was significantly greater than the ground corn irrigation water use efficiency,increased by 5.5%-7.0%. |
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