Population Dynamics Monitoring Of Grapholita Molesta And Grapholita Funebrana In Several Areas Of Shaanxi

Grapholita molesta and Grapholita funebrana are two important fruit pests of the Lepidoptera,which are widely found in the orchards of China.Larvae of these two fruitborers mainly feed inside shoots and fruits,resulting serious damage every year.In recent years,due to changes of agricultural cultivation and other environmental factors,damage of G.molesta and G.funebrana became more serious.Shaanxi Province is one of the largest fruit growing areas in China.Population dynamics monitoring of G.molesta and G.funebrana in Shaanxi can provide important knowledge for effective control of the pests.The current study monitored the population dynamics of G.funebrana and G.molesta in different orchards in several areas of Shaanxi in 2017 and 2018.Based on the COI sequences,we anyalyzed the genetic diversity of G.molesta from several regions.Population dynamics of several other species were also monitored in Yangling Region of Shaanxi Province.DNA barcoding was used to identified the insects attract by pheromone traps of G.molesta and G.funebrana.1)The population dynamics of G.molesta and G.funebrana were monitored in several areas of Shaanxi Province in year 2017 and 2018.The results showed that the population dynamics of G.molesta and G.funebrana were different in different regions.In general,the G.molesta population was larger than that of G.funebrana in a same region.Population of G.funebrana is low in Yingtai of Tongchuan City and Pucheng of Weinan City in some seasons.Population of G.molesta increased in 2018 compared to population of 2017.Population of the two species was large in the two years in Changwu Country.Population of G.molesta was largest in July and August.In Yingtai,population of G.funebrana was larger than that of G.molesta in cherry orchard in May and June.Different population sizes should be considered when control the pests;2)We identified other insect species collected by pheromone traps by DNA Barcoding.we found Spoladea recurvalis,Endothenia oblongana,Lateantenna decolor,Epiblema foenella,Lithocolletis ringoniella,Grapholita delineana,Spilonota lechriaspis,Mythimnaseparata,and Endotricha kuznetzovi were trapped.Endotricha kuznetzovi and Lateantenna decolor were included in a subbranch of the phylogenetic tree based on COI sequence,whilest Endothenia oblongana consisted a unique subbranch;3)Population dynamics of Carposina sasakii,Adoxophyes orana,and Lithocolletis ringoniella in orchards of Yangling Region was monitored.The results showed that the population of A.orana in Yangling was small,whereas the population C.sasakii was larger.Population of C.sasakii and A.orana was similar,with three peaks from July to September;4)COI sequence were used to analyzed the genetic diversity of G.molesta collected by pheromone traps from in Liquan County of Xianyang City,Yangling Region of Xianyang City,Pucheng County of Weinan City,and Yintai Region of Tongchuan City.The COI sequence was 658 bp in length,and the average contents of four bases A,T,G and C were30.3%,39%,15% and 15.7%,respectively.The average A+T content(69.3%)was significantly higher than the average G+C content(30.7%),which is consistent with the previous results found in Lepidoptera.A total of seven haplotypes were found in the four geographical populations,of which 4 were unique haplotypes.Liquan population had the largest number of haplotypes Yangling population had the lowest haplotype number.Tong chuan population had the highest haplotype diversity,and Yangling population had the lowest haplotype diversity.