Effects Of Different Control Techniques On Physical And Chemical Properties Of Plough Soil In Wheat-Maize Farmland

This study aimed at the topsoil is shallow,degradation of cultivated land,thicken the bottom of plough,soil structure compaction and so on in hebei province,the selection of the north China plain wheat-corn farmland,field plot splitting method was adopted,the previous crop of wheat was treated with soil structure conditioner,bio-organic fertilizer and biochar for soil regulation,on the basis of the former stubble wheat,on the basis of wheat in the previous crop,two sowing methods,deep pine and horizontal sowing,were adopted for the control of the latter corn,the effects of different technical measures on soil topsoil physical and chemical properties and crop yield were analyzed,select the better control technical measures,construct the technology mode of reasonable tillage layer.The wheat season is mainly treated as:?1?no soil conditioner added?T0?,add 15 kg/hm² soil conditioner?T1?;?2?no bio-organic fertilizer replacement?Y0?,1500 kg/hm² of bio-organic fertilizer was substituted?Y1?,3000 kg/hm² of bio-organic fertilizer was substituted?Y2?;?3?no biochar added?B0?,apply 6000 kg/hm² biochar?B1?,apply 3000kg/hm² biochar?B2?.The corn season is mainly treated as:Deep pine sowing?S?and flat sowing?P?on the basis of wheat season processing.The main results are as follows:?1?The yield of wheat treated with T1 processing was 3.19%higher than that treated with T0 processing,the yield of maize treated with T1+S processing was 1.23%higher than that treated with T1+P processing;Y1 processing and Y2 processing compared with Y0 processing,wheat yield increased by 3.25%and 4.47%respectively,the yield of corn in Y1+S processing was 7.87%higher than that in Y1+P processing,the yield of corn in Y2+S processing was 9.07%higher than that in Y2+P processing,B1 processing and B2processing compared with B0 processing,significantly increased by 2.39%and 3.40%,the yield of maize treated with B1+S processing was 2.17%higher than that treated with B1+P processing,B2+S processing was 0.94%higher than B2+P processing.?2?The wheat mature season bulk density T1 processing compared with the T0processing,reducing 0.05 g/cm³,Y1 processing is 0.04 g/cm³,lower than Y0 processing,Y2 processing is 0.09 g/cm³,lower than Y0 processing,B1 processing is 0.04 g/cm³,lower than Y0 processing,B2 processing is 0.13 g/cm³,lower than B0 processing.In the corn season,T1+S processing was 0.05 g/cm³,lower than T1+P processing,Y1+S processing was 0.05 g/cm³,lower than Y1+P processing,Y2+S processing was 0.06 g/cm³,lower than Y2+P processing,B1+S processing was 0.07 g/cm³,lower than B1+P processing,B2+S processing was 0.06 g/cm³,lower than B2+P processing.?3?That ratio of WR_>0.25mm that fell into the wheat season,T1 processing was significantly higher than T0 processing by 3.96%;Y1 processing is 4.15%higher than Y0processing,Y2 processing is 12.02%higher than Y0 processing;Compared with B0processing,B1 processing increased by 8.54%,B2 processing increased by 2.49%;MWD respectively increased by 16.04%,44.77%,41.02%,36.62%,35.19%.That ratio of WR_>0.25mm that fell into the corn season,T1+S processing was compared with T1+P processing,Y1+S processing was compared with Y1+P processing,Y2+S processing was compared with Y2+P processing,B1+S processing was compared with B1+P processing,and B2+S processing was compared with B2+P processing,respectively increased by4.00%,6.84%,6.75%,5.11%,5.00%;MWD respectively increased by 3.68%,6.60%,5.37%,5.84%,3.62%.?4?The contents of organic matter and available nutrients in the soil of wheat season were increased with different regulation techniques.Organic matter content in mature wheat season,compared with T0 processing,T1 processing increased by 1.15 g/kg,compared with Y0 processing,Y1 processing and Y2 processing increased by 2.69 g/kg and 3.11 g/kg respectively;compared with B0 processing,B1 processing increased by 2.96g/kg,while B2 processing decreased by 2.58 g/kg.The nutrient content in sowing processing of deep pine in maize season was higher than that in sowing processing.?5?Compare the optimal processings of different regulatory measures,in the wheat season:Y2 processing production,soil bulk density,large aggregate ratio,effective phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen,organic matter content is the highest;the mean value of available potassium content in soil treated with B1 processing was the largest.In the corn season:surface bulk density of soil under deep pine sowing processing is lower than that under flat sowing processing,the content of other indexes was higher in the deep pine sowing processing than that in the plain sowing processing.Overall,Y2 processing had the best effect in wheat season,Y2+S processing was the best in maize season.To sum up,using different control techniques such as soil structure conditioner,bio-organic fertilizer,biochar and deep pine seeding can improve crop yield,increase soil nutrients and fertility,improve the physical properties of soil,and improve the topsoil structure.