Taxonomic And Phylogeny Of Chinese Spondylidinae(Coleoptera,Cerambycidae)

The subfamily Spondylidinae belonging to Insecta,Coleoptera,Cerambycidae,includes 7 tribes 31 genera around 150 species in the world.There are 4 tribes,8 genera,32 species recorded in China.Many species of the subfamily are important forest worm pests and also quarantine pests.The subfamily is relatively small in Cerambycidae,but the following problems on taxonomy need to be solved.(1)The classification system changes frequently,and the definition of some tribes and genera has been controversial;(2)It is difficult to identify the similar species based on external morphology;(3)The descriptions of many species adult are very simple,lacking detailed descriptions and clear pictures of genitals and hind wings.This thesis introduces the economic significance,distribution and biology of Spondylidinae,overviews of the research on the subfamily.The research carried out the taxonomy study,the comparative morphological study of the male genitalia and the DNA barcode study of some similar species of Spondylidinae from China.The thesis provides basic information of identification on Spondylidinae from China,and improves the classification system.Phylogenetic analysis of Spondylidinae is also carried out based on the combination with the external morphological characteristics,hind-wing characteristics and biological characteristics.The main results obtained are as follows:1.Taxonomy of Spondylidinae from ChinaThirty-two species from 8 genera,4 tribes of Spondylidinae from China are listed systematically and described.The external morphological characteristics of adults are described in detail,and the distinguishing characteristics between the similar species are marked.The keys to tribes,genera and species and the checklist of Spondylidinae from China and worldwide are presented.The type specimens of 3 tribes 6 genera 19 species are examined,and the adult pictures of 4 tribes 8 genera 25 species including type specimens and identified specimens are taken.Male genitalia of 10 species from 6 genera,3 tribes,female genitalia of 13 species from 6 genera,3 tribes are dissected and described in detail;60 pictures of male genital and 26 of female genital are taken;it's indicated that female genitalia characteristics don't show classification significance.Hind wings of 16 species belonging to 6 genera,3 tribes are dissected and taken pictures,hind-wing characteristics of the subfamily are summarized,it's indicated that hind-wing characteristics don't show classification significance.2.Comparative morphological study of male genitalia of Spondylidinae from ChinaEighteen male genitalia characteristics are used on comparative morphological study of 11 species from 7 genera,4 tribes of Spondylidinae from China,the results show that 5 morphologcial characteristics,such as shape of the parameres,ratio of length and width of parameres,shape of tergite VIII,etc.,can be used to indentify tribes within the Spondylidinae;6 morphologcial characteristics,such as ratio of parameres and tegmen,shape of roof,curvature of median lobe,etc.,can be used to identify genera within the tribe Asemini.Two characteristics,ratio of length and width of parameres and the setation of tergite VIII can be used to identify species in the genus Cephalallus.Keys to the Chinese tribes of Spondylidinae and the genera of Asemini are presented.It indicated that Tetropium should separate from Asemini,as an independent tribe(Tetropiini),because of the significant differences of the male genitalia between the genus Tetropium and tribe Asemini.The significant differences of the male genitalia between genera Arhopalus,Cephalallus,Megasemum,indicates the Cephalallus and Megasemum as independent genera.3.DNA barcoding study of genus Cephalallus and ArhopalusA total of 24 COI gene sequences are obtained from two species of Cephalallus and three species of Arhopalus which have similar morphological features,and these sequences combined with 5 COI gene sequences of Arhopalus download from GenBank are used to carry out DNA barcode study.The different genera and species are well clustered based on the Neighbour Joining clustering analysis results,Cephalallus and Arhopalus well divided into two clades.The genetic distances between different species were significantly different,and the results of ABGD species-delimitation consistent with the phylogenetic tree clustering results constructed by the NJ method and the morphological classification results,therefore the COI sequence can be used for the identification of the species in this two genera.4.Phylogeny of SpondylidinaeBased on 71 adult external morphological characters,hind wings and biology characteristics,this thesis presents phylogenetic analysis of Spondylidinae including 75 species from 25 genera,7 tribes,using the maximal parsimony method.The results support Spondylidinae as a monophyletic group.Tribes-level phylogenetic relationships: the subfamily includes the tribe Spondylidini,and the genus Tetropium should promote as an independent tribe Tetropiini;current Spondylidinae includes 7 tribes worldwide,and can be divided into two branches:(Spondylidini + Asemini + Nothorhini + Tetropiini)and(Saphanini + Anisarthrini + Atimiini.)Genus-level phylogenetic relationships: Cephalallus is an independent genus;Arhopalus is a paraphyletic group,but the external morphological and genital characteristics of Arhopalus are significantly different from genus Megasemum,in this paper still indicates that Megasemum as an independent genus.Drymochares and Michthisoma are sisters to each other.Species-level phylogenetic relationships: Atima maculipuncta and Atima juniperi are sisters to each other;Teroptium gracilicum and Teroptium abietis are sisters to each other;Teroptium aquilonium and Teroptium cinnamopterum are sisters to each other;Arhopalus deceptor and Arhopalus exoticus are sisters to each other;Arhopalus biarcuatus and Arhopalus cavatus are sisters to each other.