Classification And Identification Of Common Grasshoppers In Xinjiang Using External Genital And DNA Barcoding Traits

Grasshopper species from Xinjiang account for 1/7 of the fauna in China, and locust plague occurred frequently causes damages to animal husbandry, agriculture, incurring billions of serious damage to agricultural production. Identification of grasshopper species is of importance to survey of abundances and the control practices. This thesis study focued on species identification, life form determination, geographic genetic variation, by using external genital traits and DNA barcoding characters.The main results in this study are as follows.(1) Male genitalia traits of 16 grasshopper species., The results showed that locusts male genitalias differed, and main differences lies in the epiphallus(shape of ancora and lophi), posterior projection, phalic complex rami of cingulum,vaves of cingulum, and apical valves of penis.(2) The multivariate cluster analysis and principal component analysis(PCA) of 16 grasshopper species from Xin Jiang.The results showed that 16 species grasshoppers were divided into three groups by characters including large, medium, and small size group. The main identification characters for classifying life forms were body width, body width/height and fastigium; the five life forms were phytophilous, pedophilous, phyto-biased pedophilous, and pedo-biased pgytophilous.(3) Geographical populations of 7 gasshoper species were analyzed for mitochondrial DNA, through DNA extraction, PCR amplification, inspection and purification, sequencing to get the COI gene sequences. After adjusting sequence, I built a evolutionary tree on genetic distance and the base composition. By analyzing the sequence I found 7 different geographic groups in Calliptamus italicus L., Oedipoda caerulescens L., Oedaleus decorus decorus Germar, Calliptamus barbarous Costa., Metromerus coelesyriensis Giglio-Tos, from following locations, Atushi, Manas, Habahe, Miquan, Hami, Habahe, Wusu, Aletai, Tacheng, Hefen, Urumqi, and Balikun. Different geographical populations of Dociostaurus kraussi Ingen. and Sphingonotus maculatus petraeus Bei-Bienkot did not have genetic differentiation from each other.