| In this experiment,the maize variety Xiangyu 998 was used as the test material,and four treatments were set up,namely,full conversion of maize stalks into the field(SF),enrichment of maize stalks,deep burial(FJ),and shallow stalks of maize stalks.Returning field treatment(QM),maize wide and narrow straw covered no-tillage treatment(FG),and the control was no maize straw returning(CK).The effects of various treatments on the morphological indexes,dry matter accumulation,transport and distribution of various organs,leaf area index and photosynthesis characteristics,yield and its components were studied.The main results are as follows:1.Compared with CK,the plant height,ear height and ear height coefficients of maize treated with four kinds of straw returning were improved to some extent.The order of plant height from large to small is: FG>QM>FJ>SF>CK;the order of ear height is: FJ>FG>QM>SF>CK;the height coefficient of each treatment ear is between 0.43 and 0.45.2.During each growth period,the development of four maize straw returning treatments and the leaf area index of CK showed a first increase and then decreased.The leaf area index under each treatment during the tasseling period reached the peak of the whole growth period,while SF The leaf area index under treatment was 5.63,and the minimum CK treatment was 5.22.The overall performance of each treatment was: SF>QM>FG>FJ>CK.3.The four treatments and the accumulation of dry matter in the upper part of CK showed a typical "S" growth curve change,and the FG treatment had the largest dry matter accumulation during the tasseling period.It can be seen from the distribution of various organs in the upper part of the SF treatment that the dry matter quality of each organ in the early stage of maize growth is significantly greater than other treatments;in the wax maturity stage,the dry matter allocated by the leaves is the highest in FJ treatment;The leaves and sheaths treated with SF were higher than other treatments,and the translocation rate of stems was highest in FJ treatment.The stem,eucalyptus and tassels under QM treatment had the highest contribution rate.4.During the whole growth period,the SPAD values of the four treatments of maize straw returning were higher than that of CK treatment.The maximum SPAD of this stage of tasseling stage appeared in SF treatment,the value was 65.5,significantly higher than CK;the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters On the top,the maize straw returning treatment enhanced the conversion efficiency of PSII light energy within a certain range.At the maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm,the peak of the whole growth period appeared on the FJ treatment.5.There was no significant difference between the maize straw returning and the CK in the number of rows,but the treatment of the maize four straws on the 100-grain weight was significantly greater than that of CK,and the FG treatment was the largest.Different maize straw returning treatment had certain effects on yield.The yield difference between SF,FJ,QM and FG was not significant,but it was higher than CK,and the yield increase under SF treatment was the largest.On the whole,the average yield of SF,FJ,QM and FG straw treatments increased by 16.21% compared with CK treatment.In summary,under the climatic conditions of that year,four kinds of maize straw returning treatment increased the dry matter accumulation of maize aboveground plants,dry matter transport and partitioning,physical and chemical,enhanced photosynthesis,promoted the increase of leaf area index,and increased yields to varying degrees.In conclusion,SF treatment had a good regulating effect on plant growth and yield. |
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