Study On High Yield And High Efficiency Cultivation Technology Of Late-sown Wheat In Saline-alkali Land

The soil of Yuntai farm belongs to the coastal clayey saline soil.Due to the influence of climatic conditions and cultivation methods,rice ripens late and harvest is delayed,which leads to late-sown of wheat.However,the yield and benefit of late-sown wheat were seriously affected by the decrease of tiller yield,panicle grain number and 1000-grain weight.In order to improve the yield and benefit of the wheat in Yuntai farm,the high-yielding and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of late-sown wheat in saline-alkali land were studied from the aspects of variety selection,seed soaking and accelerating bud germination,sowing method,fertilizer management,foliar fertilizer spraying,disease and insect control,etc.The main results were as follows:1.The effects of salt stress and late sowing on wheat growth and yield were reviewed,and the limiting factors of late-sown wheat yield in saline-alkali land in Yuntai farm were discussed.2.The effects of different management measures such as varieties,accelerating seed germination,sowing machines,fertilizer application,foliar fertilizer and spraying machinery general counsels on the growth and yield of late-sown wheat in saline-alkali land were studied,and they showed that,(1)late-sown wheat of Yuntai farm should choose Lianmai 8,Lianmai 7 and Huaimai 33 to plant.The number of panicle,grain number of panicle and 1000 grain weight are relatively coordinated,which can achieve high yield.(2)Under the condition of the same irrigation method,soaking seeds to accelerate bud seeding germinated earlier than dry seeds,and seedlings emerged 3?5 days earlier than dry seeds,and the emergence rate was higher than dry seeds.The seedling emergence rate of furrow irrigation was higher than that of flood irrigation and no irrigation.(3)The sowing efficiency of the 45-row width planter is about three times that of the 24-row planter.1ts operatio1 cost saves 60 yuan/hm2 and its seedling emergence is about 4 days earlier.And it is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings and promotes tillering,the basic seedling number and emergence rate is high,at the same time higher yield.(4)ln the middle and late stage of late-sown wheat,application of 150kg/hm2 for returning green fertilizer,225kg/hm2 of jointing fertilizer,150kg/hm2 of pregnancy fertilizer,and 37.5kg/hm2 of spraying fertilizer on the leaf twice at heading stage and flowering stage can achieve high yield and high fertilizer utilization rate.(5)During heading stage and flowering stage,the 1000 grain weight and yield can be increased by spraying CTM cell enzyme foliar fertilizer,BH and ODP+FengChanLing on the leaf surface;CTM cell enzyme foliar fertilizer increased production by 2.8%with a net benefit of 194.24 yuan/hm2,which yield increase and efficiency increase were the highest.BH increased production by 2.1%with a net benefit of 133.31 yuan/hm2,which yield increase and efficiency increase were the second highest.PDP+FengChalLing increased production by 1.3%with a net benefit of 111.45 yuan/hm2,which yield increase and efficiency increase were the lowest.(6)The plant protection UAV(DaJiang T16 and JiFei P30)has the same control effect on FHB as the self-propelled plant protection machine of Yitian.However,they're less efficient,but the costs of their preventing and controlling FHB were relatively low.Moreover,UAV can operate at night to make up for the lack of efficiency by increasing operating time.So the plant protection UAV(DaJiang T16 and JiFei P30)can be widely popularized and applied.3.Based on the related research results and the effect of promotion and application in production,the paper puts forward the production technology model of late-sown wheat in the saline-alkali land of Yuntai farm.The main technical measures include:(1)Selecting suitable wheat varieties.(2)Plowing reasonably,adjusting sowing quantity according to the time,soaking seeds to accelerate germination,choosing suitable type of tractor and furrowing and pressing for improving sowing quality.(3)Adjusting fertilizer varieties and calculating a reasonable amount of fertilizer;fertilizing according to seedling conditions and rationalizing fertilizer management;timely spraying foliar fertilizer for resisting premature aging.(4)Carrying out the "once closed division and twice chemical weeding" weeding mode,strengthening the use of new machines and tools,using drugs in proper period to prevent FHB,achieving high quality and efficient prevention and control of diseases,insects and grass for reducing drugs and increasing efficiency.(5)Harvesting timely,drying and baking together to improve product quality.4.The ways to further improve the wheat production in the saline-alkali land of Yuntai farm are considered.They include that:(1)Strengthening the study of national policies and applying them in practice;(2)Through the introduction and training of technical personnel,improving the quality of personnel to provide a basis for sustainable development;(3)Actively introducing new types of agricultural resources to provide momentum for sustainable development;(4)Actively exploring industrial linkage development and improving product benefits.