Effects Of Sowing Dates On Grain Yield And Quality Traits Of Different Spikelet (Grain) Position Of Strong Gluten Wheat Cultivars

This experiment was conducted in Jianghua Village,Mazhuang Town,Daiyue District,Tai'an City from 2018 to 2019.Strong gluten wheat varieties Taishan 27,Taikemai 33,Zhouyuan 9369,Jimai 20,Jimai 229 and Shiluan 02-1 were selected as test materials and two sowing dates were set for October 8(conventional sowing date)and October 22(delayed sowing date),The spatial distribution characteristics of yield and quality traits of strong gluten wheat in different spikelet(grain)position and the effects of delayed sowing on yield and quality traits of strong gluten wheat in different spikelet(grain)position were studied.The main research results are as follows: 1 Spatial distribution of yield and quality traits in different strong gluten wheat spikelet(grain)position grainsDifferent strong gluten wheat varieties mainly show that the fertile number and weight of grains,protein content,wet gluten content and sedimentation volume of grains at lower and middle spikelet positions of wheat are higher than those at upper spikelet position.The fertile number and weight of grains at the 1st and 2nd grain positions of each spikelet position are higher than those of other grain positions,and the grains quality traits shows that the 1st and 2nd grain positions are higher than or equal to the 3rd grain position.The 1st and 2nd grain positions of the lower and middle spikelet positions are the key spikelet(grain)positions that affect the yield and quality of strong gluten wheat.2 Effects of delayed sowing date on fertile grain number and weight of different strong gluten wheat spikelet(grain)positions grainsAfter delayed sowing,the number of fertile grain in the lower and middle spikelet positions of each wheat variety was increased,thus increasing the number of grains spikelet.However,the variation of fertile grain number in different grain position varied greatly among varieties.After delayed sowing,Jimai 229 decreased their overall grain weight due to the decrease of grain weight at each spikelet(grain)position,while Taishan 27 decreased the overall grain weight due to the decrease in the grain weight at some ear(grain)positions,Taikemai 33 increased their grain weight due to the increase of grain weight at some spikelet(grain)positions.Zhouyuan 9369,Jimai 20 and Shiluan 02-1 kept the whole grain weight unchanged because the grain weight of each spikelet(grain)grain was relatively stable.3 Effects of delayed sowing date on quality traits of wheat of different strong gluten spikelet(grain)position grainsAfter delayed sowing,the grains protein content and wet gluteninin content of Taishan 27 decreased due to the decrease of each spikelet(grain)position grains,especially the upper spikelet positions and the high position grain of each spikelet position grains content.The grains protein content and wet gluteninin content of Taikemai 33 remained stable because the each spikelet(grain)position grains content remained unchanged.The increase of protein and wet gluteninin content in the grains of Zhouyuan 9369,Jimai 20,Jimai 229 and Shiluan 02-1 is mainly related to the increase of the grains content in the lower and middle spikelet(grain)position.After delayed sowing,the sedimentation volume of each grain position in the lower spikelet position and the 1st grain positions in the middle spikelet position of Taishan 27 increased,while the sedimentation volume at other spikelet(grain)positions showed decreased trend,with no significant difference.The sedimentation volume of other varieties grains increased under delayed sowing,which was related to the increase of sedimentation volume of each spikelet(grain)position grains of each variety.At the same time,the increase of grains sedimentation volume of Zhouyuan 9369,Jimai 229 and Shiluan 02-1 is especially related to the increase of grain sedimentation volume at the high grain position of each spikelet.4 Effects of delayed sowing date on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different strong gluten wheatThere were genotypic differences in yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different strong gluten wheat varieties under delayed sowing.The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Jimai 229 under delayed sowing decreased significantly.The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Taishan 27,Taikemai 33,Zhouyuan 9369,Jimai 20 and Shiluan 02-1 increased significantly by 9.32%-19.44%.According to the regional industrial development and processing quality needs,four strong gluten wheat varieties,Taishan 33,Zhouyuan 9369,Jimai 20 and Shiluan 02-1,can be selected to coordinate the contradiction between yield,quality and nitrogen efficiency in the promotion of delayed sowing,high yield,high quality and high efficiency cultivation techniques.Further conclusions still need to be verified by multi-point and multi-year repeated tests in wheat areas in the east of Huang Huai River.