Nutrient Release Characteristics Of Activated Phosphorus-Potassium Fertilizer And Controlled Nitrogen And Potassium Fertilizer And Effects Of Rice-Wheat Application

As a large agricultural country,China has a large population and low per capita arable land,and has a very large demand for food.Chemical fertilizers have played a large role in China's grain production,but the low utilization rate of fertilizers in our country has led to the loss of fertilizers and waste of resources,causing a series of serious environmental problems and irreparable economic losses.New fertilizers made through innovative materials,emerging technologies or improved methods are one of the important ways to improve fertilizer utilization.Since the 21st century,the new fertilizer industry has developed rapidly,and new fertilizers have been continuously developed.These new fertilizers need to be applied to different crops in multiple seasons to compare the effects of increasing yield and studying the mechanism of nutrient supply.These tasks have not been comprehensive enough.Not conducive to the screening of excellent new fertilizer varieties and the development of new fertilizers.Based on the research content of the 13th Five-Year National Key Project,this study selected three new fertilizer products,including Nano controlled release nitrogen fertilizer,controlled release potassium fertilizer,and activated phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.The nutrient release characteristics of activated phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were simulated by indoor adsorption and desorption experiments.The nutrient release characteristics of Nano controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and controlled release potassium fertilizer were measured by field nutrient release method.The experiment of crop fertilizer efficiency is a combination of field plots and pot experiments,and farmers'customary fertilization is used as a control to study the effects of new fertilizer equal and reduced fertilization on rice-wheat growth,economic benefits,fertilizer utilization rate,and soil nutrients.Provide theoretical and technical support for the production,promotion and application of three new fertilizers.The main experimental results are as follows:(1)In this test,additives are ground after mixing with phosphate and potassium fertilizers can increase the desorption of phosphorus by 9.62%,available phosphorus of 25.94%,resolved potassium of 38.71%,and fast-acting potassium of 98.86%;activated phosphorus-potassium fertilizers can increase the desorption of phosphorus by 7.68%,available phosphorus of 13.12%,resolved potassium of 22.55%,and available potassium of 118.39%compared with ordinary phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;additives have little effect on the phosphorus and potassium elements of the soil itself.(2)Under field soil conditions,Nano controlled release nitrogen fertilizer released 89.30%nitrogen in 230 days,only 25.97%in the first 110 days,56.73%in110~200 days,and 6.60%in the last 30 days;under still water conditions In 100 days,the Nano controlled release nitrogen fertilizer released 88.25%of nitrogen,26.22%in the first 30 days,59.15%in 30~80 days,and 8.48%in the last 20 days.Under field soil conditions,the controlled release potassium fertilizer released 91.56%of potassium in 230 days,released only 41.55%in the first 110 days,45.68%in 110~200days,and 4.33%in the last 30 days;under the conditions of still water,it was controlled in 240 days The release of potassium fertilizer released 95.32%of potassium,35.12%in the first 90 days,45.43%in 90 to 180 days,and 14.77%in the last 60 days.The release curves of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and controlled release potassium fertilizer in the field soil and still water are similar to"S"type,and the release rate changes are"slow and fast",which basically meets the needs of crop growth,and can provide nutrients for crops.(3)Compared with ordinary fertilization,under the same conditions of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 25%and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,new types of fertilizers such as Nano controlled release nitrogen fertilizer,controlled release potassium fertilizer and activated phosphorus-potassium fertilizer applied on rice-wheat rotation all achieved good results in fertilizer supply,yield and efficiency,and most of the differences reached significant levels.In the rice season,the effect of controlled release potassium fertilizer is outstanding,and the yield is the highest.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield is increased by 14.17%,and the economic benefit is the best.Compared with conventional fertilization,the income is increased by 3222.04 yuan/hm~2.In the wheat season,the output of nanometer controlled release nitrogen fertilizer was the highest,which increased the yield by18.20%compared with conventional fertilization.Activated phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 2 had the best economic benefits,and increased by 2882.52 yuan/hm~2compared with conventional fertilization.Under the same conditions,Nano controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and controlled release potassium fertilizer are not as effective as single application of Nano controlled release nitrogen fertilizer or controlled release potassium fertilizer.(4)In the wheat Nano controlled release nitrogen fertilizer reduction application test,compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,100%Nano controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatment reduced yield by 8.37%,a significant difference;the Nano controlled release blended nitrogen fertilizer treatment increased yield by13.00%,a significant difference;Nano controlled release blended nitrogen fertilizer reduced 10%treatment yield increased 4.83%,Nano controlled release blended nitrogen fertilizer reduced 20%treatment yield reduction 1.57%,the difference was not significant;Nano controlled release blended nitrogen fertilizer reduced 30%treatment yield reduction 17.41%,the difference was significant.(5)In the production of rice and wheat,it is recommended to apply Nanocontrolled mixed nitrogen fertilizer reduced 20%or controlled release potassium fertilizer or activated phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.It is not recommended to apply Nano controlled nitrogen fertilizer and controlled release potassium fertilizer together to increase yield and efficiency and save resources purpose.