| Faba bean cultivation is a new planting method in the Yangtze river basin,which plays an important role in raising farmers' income.But in recent years,the unreasonable application of inorganic fertilizer has caused a series of serious environmental problems.Organic fertilizer has the effect of improving soil,increasing yield and quality.This study designed five different fertilization treatments:under equal nutrient conditions,organic fertilizer nitrogen replaced 25%inorganic fertilizer nitrogen(25%OF);organic fertilizer nitrogen replaced 50%inorganic fertilizer nitrogen(50%OF);Organic fertilizer nitrogen replaces 75%of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen(75%OF);organic fertilizer nitrogen completely replaces inorganic fertilizer nitrogen(100%OF);application of inorganic fertilizer only as the control(CF).Faba bean seeds were artificially veralized transplanted into greenhouse.The effects of organic fertilizer substitution treatment on the growth and development,fresh pod yield,quality and mineral element absorption and accumulation in faba bean were studied.The main results are as follows:(1)Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on yield and yield componentsWith the increase of substitution proportion of organic fertilizer,the grain yield,effective branches,number of pods per plant,number of solid grains,and weight of 100 grains all increased first and then decreased.50%OF exhibited the highest yield,and the increase was 55.38%compared with CF treatment.Correlation analysis further shows that when the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer is 28.7%,it is most favorable for yield increase of fresh pod.Path analysis results showed that 100-grain weight and effective shoots contributed significantly to the yield of fresh pods of vernalization faba bean.The replacement of organic fertilizer improved the yield of fresh pods by adjusting the weight of 100-grain weight seeds and effective shoots.(2)Effects of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on seed quality of broad beanCompared with CF,organic nitrogen can significantly improve the appearance quality,nutrition quality and processing quality of faba bean.In terms of appearance quality,the replacement of inorganic fertilizer with organic nitrogen fertilizer can increase the pod length,pod width,fresh weight,dry weight and grain length,grain width,fresh weight and dry weight of fruit pod.When the proportion of organic nitrogen to replace inorganic fertilizer reached 50%,the increase was the largest,which was 13.18%,21.83%,22.85%,15.95%,6.41%,4.97%,32.90%and 14.53%,respectively.In terms of nutritional quality,compared with conventional application of inorganic fertilizers,the combined use of organic fertilizer nitrogen and inorganic fertilizers increased the soluble sugar content in the middle and lower grains of faba portion by 2.52%-13.15%and 3.01%-11.38%;free amino acid content by 0.75%-3.22%and 0.92%-7.67%;soluble protein content by 0.27%-8.06%and 1.10%-6.17%;vitamin C content by 10.43%-68.10%and 6.13%-55.83%;total starch content increased by 5.63%-13.35%and 3.10%-14.08%.In terms of processing quality,organic fertilizer can significantly adjust the gelatinization characteristics of starch in faba bean seeds by replacing inorganic fertilizer.Compared with CF treatment,25%OF,50%OF,75%OF,and 100%OF treatments have improved the peak viscosity,break down,final viscosity,setback,reduced minimum viscosity,peak time,and pasting temperature.Among them,25%OF and 50%treatments can maintain higher peak viscosity,break down,final viscosity,and setback.And 50%OF treatment had the shortest peak time and the lowest pasting temperature.Organic fertilizer nitrogen can improve the physical properties of starch in faba bean fresh pods.Compared with CF treatment,water precipitation rate,Light transmissivity and the swelling degree in 50%OF were the highest.Faba bean starch had the highest solubility in 50%OF,and the best solubility,and there was no significant difference in other treatments.Therefore,the physical properties of faba bean starch can also be adjusted by the reasonable ratio of organic fertilizer nitrogen to inorganic fertilizer nitrogen.(3)Effects combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on growth and development and physiological parameters of leavesThe results showed that in the harvest period of green pod,the number of leaves was increased by 9.4,branch number was increased by 7.8,plant height was increased by 52.6cm,pod number per plant increased by 8.8,fresh weight of overground increased by 60.89g,fresh weight in underground was increased by 14.87g,dry weight in overground was increased by 6.48g,and dry weight in underground was increased by 2.49g.In carbon metabolism,the Fv/Fm,Fv/F0 and SPAD value in 50%OF treatment were significantly higher than those CF treatment,and reached the maximum value.In terms of nitrogen metabolism,the free amino acid content,soluble protein content,and nitrate reductase activity of the pod leaves of each organic fertilizer nitrogen substitution treatment was significantly higher than that of CF treatment,of which 50%OF treatment was the largest.The nitrate reductase activity and free amino acid content of subtending leaves of middle portion of faba bean plants in 50%OF were significantly higher than other treatments at 40 days after flowering,which were 48.18%and 7.03%higher than the CF of the same part,respectively,indicating that the organic fertilizer nitrogen substitution treatment promoted the growth of broad bean plants and improved faba bean plants carbon and nitrogen metabolism.(4)Effects combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassiumThe absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by faba bean was mainly concentrated in the flower pod stage and the green pod harvest stage,which accounted for 40.68%-41.11%,45.20%-48.89%,34.60%-38.14%of the total growth stage.During the whole growth period,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in 50%OF treatment was 158.35 kg/hm2,28.42 kg/hm2 and 75.34 kg/hm 2,respectively,which was 14.10%,41.11%and 35.80%higher than that in CF treatment.In addition the utilization efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium can be improved by inorganic fertilizer substitution treation. |
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