Study On The Effect Of Fertilization Measures In Wheat Field Based On Subsoil Fertilization Technology

This paper addressed the wheat field fertilizer problems,including irrational fertilizer application,low utilization and low organic matter of agricultural soil,etc.Field trials and indoor analysis were combined as research methodologies.The main study subject was winter wheat in wheat-maize rotation system.The preceding maize were under two precision seeding methods,one was precision seeding under no-tillage shallow fertilization,the other was precision seeding under fertilization to designated different soil depth with subsoiling.After maize season,four treatments were set respectively in the winter wheat season:chemical compound fertilizer+no straw returning(F1);chemical compound fertilizer+straw returning(F2);straw returning+bio-organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer(F3);straw returning+bio-organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer+soil conditioner(F4).These contents were applied to study:the growth and development traits of root,the physiological characteristics of photosynthesis of flag leaves,the absorption of nutrients,the yield,the economic benefits,the physical properties of soil,organic matter and microorganisms,etc.This paper was based on the two tillage methods of maize season.It studied the fertilization modes of cultivating the soil,increasing wheat yield and nutrient efficiency for wheat season.It aimed to provide scientific basis for increasing the wheat yield,improving the soil quality,and achieving high-quality,high-yield and safe fertilization technology for wheat.The main findings of the research can be summarized as follows:1.Compared with F2,under the precision seeding method of no-tillage shallow fertilization,the application of organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer increases the wheat root length,root surface area and root volume of 0-20 cm soil by 27.5%,24.6%,and 20.6%respectively.Under the precision seeding method of fertilization to designated different soil depth with subsoiling,the wheat root length,root surface area and root volume of 20-40cm soil are increased by 13.5%,43.5%,52.3%respectively.The result indicates that the combination of precision seeding method under fertilization to designated different soil depth with subsoiling in the maize season and the application of bio-organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer in the wheat season can improve the wheat root characteristics in the 0-40 cm soil.2.Compared with F1,under the same tillage method in the maize season,the photosynthetic rate of wheat flag leaves in other fertilization treatments is increased by 10.2%on average,and the intercellular CO2 concentration in wheat flag leaves is decreased by 7.2%on average.Compared with the same fertilization treatment,the Maize precision seeding method of fertilization to designated different soil depth with subsoiling significantly reduces the CO2 concentration in wheat flag leaves cells by 7.9%and increases the photosynthetic rate of wheat flag leaves.3.Under the same tillage method,for maturity period in each fertilization treatment,the accumulation of dry matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and the grain yield are all showed as F3>F2>F1,and the net income of field crops is showed as F4>F3>F2>F1.Among them,the maximum increase in the net benefit of wheat in which organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer is 15.5%.Under the same fertilization treatment of two tillage methods,the accumulation of dry matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and the wheat maturity period are showed as:Maize tillage method under fertilization to designated different soil depth with subsoiling>Maize tillage method under no-tillage shallow fertilization.It indicates that the application of bio-organic fertilizer and soil conditioner can increase wheat grain yield,and maize season precision seeding technology of fertilization to designated different soil depth with subsoiling is conducive to increasing wheat grain yield.4.Under the same tillage method,compared with F1,the F2,F3 and F4 decreases soil bulk density by 4.1%on average,increases soil organic matter by 11.3%during maturity,and increases soil microorganisms by 24.3%.Under the two tillage methods with the same fertilization treatment,the precision seeding technology of fertilization to designated different soil depth with subsoiling in the maize season reduces the soil bulk density of 10-40cm by 4.6%in the wheat season,increases soil organic matter by 7.1%during the wheat maturity and increases the soil microorganisms by 56.7%.Conclusion:The precision seeding method under fertilization to designated different soil depth with subsoiling,the straw returning in wheat season,the organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer,the addition of soil conditioners can enhance the wheat root system,increase the flag leaf photosynthetic rate of wheat,thus increasing wheat yield and the pure income.It also improves the physicochemical properties of soil,in which the straw returning+bio-organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer+soil conditioner treatment is the best under the two tillage methods.Combining maize tillage methods and wheat fertilization treatments,it is determined that the best combination is the treatment of maize-season precision seeding under fertilization to designated different soil depth with subsoiling combined with wheat-season straw returning+bio-organic fertilizer replacing 20%chemical fertilizer+soil conditioner.