Study On Resources And Viewing Period Of Ornamental Fruit Plants In Autumn/Winter In Three Nanjing Comprehensive Parks

Ornamental fruit plants with its unique fruit landscape occupy an important part in the distribution of garden plants.The paper counted the germplasm resources of the ornamental fruit plants in the artificial communities of the Nanjing comprehensive park,and studied on their configuration and gardening applications.It can not only be used as a basis for increasing the planting of ornamental fruit plants,enriching the urban comprehensive park landscape,but also summarizing the problems and advantages of applying ornamental fruit plants in various parks.It can raise the key points on application of relevant ornamental fruit plants and have a great significance to the development of urban gardens.In this paper,three comprehensive parks were selected:Nanjing Couple Park,Gulin Park and Green Expo Park.A total of 145 sampling sites were selected for research and investigation on the germplasm resources of ornamental fruit plants and fruit phenology period.And summarized the community characteristics,the discoloration sequence and the ornamental period of ornamental fruit plants in Nanjing comprehensive park.The research started from late September 2017 to mid-March 2018,lasting for 6 months.The main results of this study are as follows:(1)By summarizing the important values of arbor and shrub layers in the three parks,it is found that some of the ornamental fruit plants are widely used in three parks,such as Cinnamomum camphora,Koelreuteria bipinnata var.integrifoliola,Ginkgo biloba,Osmanthus fragrans,and Pittosporum tobira,for the park base configuration plants.The couple park has great advantages in the types and quantity of ornamental fruit plants.It has a rich and varied fruit landscapes,the ornamental effect is better than the Gulin park and the Greening Exhibition Park;the Gulin Park sample area has fewer ornamental fruit plants and less planting density.And its community configuration style is relatively smooth and the species are single;in the the Green expo park,the species of ornamental fruit plants are the least,but the plant density is generally higher,the same species are widely used,and the plant community is more uniform.(2)There are 44 species of ornamental fruit plants in the study area,which belong to 25 families and 37 genera.The number of genera and species are the most in Rosaceae(10 species in 6 genera).The rest of the ornamental fruit plants are scattered in families and genera.Among the ornamental fruit plants,there are 34 species of arbor,and 24 species of shrubs.Some species such as Osmanthus fragrans,Ilex chinensis and Ligustrum lucidum can be used as arbor or shrubs.The fruit types of ornamental fruit plants are most in drupe,with 16 species(36.4%),followed by pome with 10 species(22.7%),berry with 6 species(13.6%),and capsule with 5 species(11.4%).Another 7 species are the other single fruit types.The fruit color is dominated by red,a total of 23 species(52.3%);supplemented by yellow with 10 species(22.7%);there are also 7 species(15.9%)in purple-black and a few in white,brown,etc.(9.1%).(3)Based on the phenological change times of fruiting,discoloration and fruit dropping of ornamental fruit plants,it is found that some ornamental fruit plants entered the discoloration period before observation period;during late September and mid-October,there was abundant rainfall,and the temperature was fluctuating but the minimum temperature was above 10?.The ornamental plants basically entered the discoloration period and the discoloration rate of most species reached 50%.During this period,the discolored and non-discolored fruits were both existed and there were also colorful scenes of fruit.It was the best period of fruit landscape in autumn and winter;during late October and late November,after experiencing a strong temperature drop,the minimum temperature fell at 5?,and the ornamental fruit plants have fruit droped;in December,the minimum temperature dropped to 0?,and most of the ornamental plants entered the end of fruit falling period,its fruit landscape is not good;some species such as Sapium sebiferum,Rosa multiflora,Nandina domestica,Melia azedarach,Koelreuteria bipinnata var.integrifoliola,and other fruits were persistent until the next January to February.(4)The best ornamental period in 16-30 days has the most ornamental fruit plants,up to 15 species,and the best ornamental period in 15 days has 12 species,a total of 61.3%of the number of ornamental fruit plants.And due to external factors such as weather,bird-eating,and artificial harvesting,the discoloration period of ornamental fruit plants is accompanied by fruit falling,and the best ornamental period is shortened.The top five rankings for the ornamental period are Rosa mulliflora(96),Melia azedarach(93),Sapindus mukorossi(90),Osmanthus fragrans(89),and Euonymus japonicus(77);the longest fruiting species is Sapindus mukorossi,Koelreuteria bipinnata var.integrifoliola,Euonymus japonicus,Nandina domestica,Melia azedarach.From the late September to the end of October,the ornamental fruit plants in ornamental period were most,and maintained in red and yellow fruits,the fruit landscape was the best.(5)In view of the ornamental period of ornamental fruit plants with different color in the park and the protection of the ornamental fruit plants on the biodiversity of the birds,to propose a rational allocation method for the ornamental fruit plants in the comprehensive park,adding species such as Ilex cornuta,Ilex aculeolata,Osmanthus fragrans,Trachycarpus fortunei,etc.,which have a later ornamental period and are favored by birds.It can extend the ornamental period of fruit landscapes and provide necessary food sources for birds and other animals in autumn and winter.To protect the biodiversity of the park communities and create a harmonious coexistence of people,living creature and nature.