| ABSTRACT:Field experiments were conducted to study the effects combined application of NPK on yield and nutrient uptake and use efficiency in high-yield areas of Hebi city and Wenxian county,Henan province in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system.The changes of photosynthetic effective radiation,chlorophyll content in the canopy,changes in yield effects,nutrient uptake and utilization,and soil nutrient supply under GG,ZG,FP were also analyzed to clarify the nutrient absorption characteristics of the rotation system under the integrated mode of high yield and efficiency technology.The results were obtained to realize high yield and high efficiency fertilization of wheat-maize rotation.The results are as follows:The annual yield of N,P and K fertilizer in Hebi city and Wenxian county was 20159 kg·hm-2 and 21563 kg·hm-2,with the yield increasing rates of 4.12%to 36.19%and 7.97%to 50.40%,respectively.The average annual fertilizer use efficiency of N,P and K was 66.13%,13.81%and 69.60%,and the average annual agricultural efficiency was 11.88,20.35 and 15.61 kg/kg,respectively.Combined application of NPK could increase the chlorophyll content of leaves,improve FPAR and nutrient accumulation of crops.Compared with other treatments,the annual total accumulation of N,P and K increased by 13.83%to 122.73%,22.69%to 109.69%and 31.34%to 138.14%,respectively in the winter wheat and summer maize rotation system.GG could effectively increase the annual yield of winter wheat-summer maize rotation,during the 2017-2018 growing season,compared with that of FP,yield of GG in Hebi and Wenxian increased by 15.09%and 9.01%,respectively.1000 grain weight of wheat increased by 5.55%and 3.07%,number of grains per ear of maize increased by 5.46%and 12.11%,1000 grain weight increased by 4.16%and 9.03%.Compared with FP,the annual yield of 2018-2019 rotation significantly increased by 53.22%,the number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight of winter wheat and summer maize significantly increased by 16.42%,4.83%and 19.01%,18.07%,respectively,and nutrient requirement for 100 kg grain of N,P and K in 100kg grain was 2.21,0.56 and 2.07kg respectively.The nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat was the fastest before jointing stage,the accumulation rate of P and K was the fastest from overwintering stage to jointing stage.The accumulation of N,P and K accounted for 48.89%,62.98%and 48.32%of the total annual accumulation.The rapid accumulation period of N and K in summer maize was from jointing stage to the big flare stage,and the accumulation of phosphorus was the fastest and the largest from the silking stage to the filling stage.GG can improve FPAR,increase the thickness of leaves,increase the chlorophyll content of leaves in key growth stage,and maintain the balance of soil nutrients,and the annual total accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased by 17.27%,16.45%and 30.76%compared with ZG.Considering the soil nutrient supply and crop nutrient absorption in winter wheat summer maize rotation,GG can promote the absorption of N,P and K by crops,provide sufficient soil nutrients in critical period,meet the needs of crops,improve the structure of crop canopy and leaves,maintain soil fertility and improve the level of soil fertility after the anniversary of rotation,which can be used as a reference for the construction of high-yield and high-efficiency technology integration model. |
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