| For facility cultivation of pepper,the occurrence of epidemic d isease is extremely serious.The use of pesticides for prevention and control will not only cause potential problems of pepper quality decline and other pesticide hazards,but also increase production costs.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop epidemic prevention and control means aiming at ecological cultivation.Intercropping is an important cultivation measure in traditional agriculture in China.This cultivation measure can increase the diversity of farmland ecosystem and promote the coordinated development between intercropping crops,so as to improve the ecological environment and obtain higher economic benefits.The application of intercropping to control vegetable diseases has been a hot research topic in recent years.At present,there are more studies on pepper and high-seedling field crop intercropping to control pepper diseases,and less studies on the occurrence of pepper diseases and the impact on pepper growth after Intercropping between pepper and high-seedling vegetables.To this end,high-seedling vegetables of three different families were used as intercropping vegetables with pepper in this experiment to study the effects of intercropping these three intercropping vegetables on the growth of pepper and the occurrence of pepper blight,and we will screen out the reasonable vegetable species and modes of Intercropping with pepper to provide reference for pepper production in shed.The following results have been obtained through the test:(1)Through screening,it was concluded that the intercropped vegetables with better effect on pepper Phytophthora blight prevention and control were bean and cucumber.Reasonable Intercropping of bean or cucumber with pepper effectively reduced the incidence and disease index of the disease,and the prevention and control effects were 40.09%-58.22%,15.73%-42.25%.(2)The occurrence of pepper Phytophthora blight can be effectively controlled,the comprehensive yield can be improved and the quality can be improved by adopting suitable intercropping mode between bean or cucumber and pepper.In the system of bean/capsicum intercropping,the intercropping mode between bean and capsicum is superior to the ridge intercropping mode,in which the intercropping mode of capsicum with one bean planted between three plants of capsicum(CZ31)is the best.;In spring and autumn cropping,the control effects on pepper Phytophthora blight were 48.00% and 47.65%,the yield of pepper per plant was increased by 16.27% and 25.35%,and the yield per unit area(total yield of pepper and bean)was increased by 41.23% and 59.31%,respectively.In cucumber/pepper intercropping system,the intercropping mode with 2:4 ratio of cucumber to pepper ridge(H24)was the best.;In spring and autumn cropping,the control and prevention e ffects on pepper Phytophthora blight reached 42.75% and 40.34%,the yield of pepper per plant increased by 10.46% and 15.47%,and the yield per unit area(total yield of pepper and bean)increased by 31.25% and 47.08%,respectively.(3)Intercropping time of cucumber or bean with pepper differed in the occurrence and growth of pepper Phytophthora blight.Simultaneous colonization of cucumber with pepper or one week later treatment of cucumber than pepper had little effect on the occurrence of epidemic disea se and pepper growth; Live-seeding of Phaseolus vulgaris was superior to seedling-raising of Phaseolus vulgaris in Capsicum colonization(i.e.both pepper colonization and Phaseolus vulgaris),Among them,the intercropping mode of direct-seeding Phaseolus vulgaris with three peppers in each plant(ZCZ31), the control effects of spring and autumn crop blight were 63.28% and 63.54%,the yield of pepper per plant increased by 18.60% and 30.98%,and the yield per unit area(total yield of pepper and bean)increased by 42.06% and 59.74%.(4)Increasing activities of POD,SOD and CAT enzymes and enhancing photosynthesis in pepper leaves can alleviate the harm caused by pepper Phytophthora blight on plants.In the intercropping system of cucumber or bean and pepper,e xcept for the intercropping mode with the ratio of ridge number of cucumber and pepper of 2:2(H22),the activities of pod,SOD and cat in the leaves of other intercropping modes increased significantly after being infected by pepper Phytophthora blight.With the growth of pepper,the activities of pod,SOD and cat decreased gradually and photosynthesis increased,which was significantly higher than that of monoculture.(5)Establishment of two sets of green disease resistance and growth promotion technology system for pepper:At the same time,3:1 of pepper and bean were used for direct seeding.Planting cucumber at the same time or one week later,and the ratio of pepper and cucumber is 4:2.All of the above methods can effectively prevent and control Pepper Blight,promote the growth of pepper,and improve its comprehensive yield and benefit... |
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