| Wheat is one of the most important food crops in China.The occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the field seriously affects the yield and quality of wheat.A large number of studies have shown that m ineral nutrients can enhance the gr owth of crops to strengthen crop nutrition,and have a good control effect on crop diseases and insect pests.The use of mineral elements with antiba cterial and insec ticidal effects to contro l crop diseases and insect pests has become the cu rrent research hotspot.Therefore,co ntrol effects of the mineral element selenium(sodium selenite),silicon(sodium silicate),boron(boric acid)on wheat scab and wheat aphis were s tudied.The results showed that the m ineral elements selenium,silicon,bo ron could effectively con trol crop dis eases and insect p ests.The results provide important practical reference for the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests.At the same time,because of the demand of crop nutrition enhan cement and selenium-rich wheat,we carried out experiments that the effects of selenium treatment on the growth,quality and yield of wheat.The main research results are as follows:1.Under in vitro cond ition,selenium(sodium selenite),silicon(sodium silicate)and boron(boric acid)had obvious inhibition effect on mycelia growth of wheat scab,among which selenium(sodium selenite)had better inhibition effect on mycelia growth,with the inhibition rate reaching 88% at a concentration of 40mg/L.2.Control effect of three m ineral elements on wheat scab in the field was 43.92% with 100mg/L sodium selenite,which w as better than 200mg/L silicon(sodium silicate)an d boron(boric acid).Through the test of DON to xin under different treatments,the results showed that all the thre e mineral elements could reduce the DON toxin content in wheat grains.In the control experiment of wheat aphid,the c ontrol effect of 100 m g/L sodium selenite on wheat aphid was 57.64 % after 7 days.It was confirmed that mineral elements selenium,silicon and boron had better control effect on wheat diseases and insect pests.3.The effect of different con centrations of selenium(sodium selenite)on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat wa s significantly different.Effect of eight concentrations of sodium selenite on seed germination were st udied,and the results showed that low concentration of sodium sele nite could promote the germ ination rate of wheat,and the germ ination rate reached to 100% at 1m g/L sodium s elenite,and the germination rate d ecreased as th e concentration increased,and decreased to 65 % at 40mg/L.4.Through soil analysis and det ection,the average total seleni um content in the soil of the test field is 0.128mg/kg.Exogenous selenium application is required for the production of high-quality selenium-riched wheat.Spraying 50mg/L of sodium selenite promoted the grain number per Ear(Sink Size)and 1000-grain weight of four varieties of wheat.At the filling stage of wheat,dif ferent concentrations of sodium selenite were spray ed to determine the selenium content of mature wheat grains.With the increase of concentration,the selenium content of wheat grains gradua lly increased.Under the sam e concentration,the maximum selenium content of ‘Annong 1589' varieties were 0.2 mg/kg,0.35 mg/kg and 0.77 mg/kg respectively.After selenium tr eatments,wheat grain capacity and protein content were increased,but the effect on st arch content was not obvious.Am ong of them,effect of exogenous selenium supply on the cap acity of all varieties were prom oted,and the highest increase in bulk density growth is ‘Annong1589',which increased by 2.9g. |
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