| In this research,three types of sodium butyrate in coating that will lead to different release rates in calf body are added into the starter to feed suckling calves and to study the effects of different release rates of sodium butyrate on the antioxidant function,immune function and weaning stress of suckling calves,involving 40 pre-weaning Holstein bull calves.In this research,40 healthy Holstein bull calves within 5 days of birth were selected and divided into 4 groups(C,Z,N,and E group)depending on their birth weight and age,each group had 10 calves.Group C is the control group,using the original starting food,Group Z added 0.3%uncoated sodium butyrate on the basis of the control group,Group N added 0.3%slow-release sodium butyrate on the basis of the control group,Group E added 0.3%coated sodium butyrate to the control group.All of calves involved in trials were free to eat starter began on the 7 days old,milk feeding process and living environment were consistent during this 72 days period.Blood samples were collected on the age of 34-day and 58-day from the jugular vein of the calve to test serum indexes which was related to the function of antioxidant and immune and weaning stress.The trials results as follows:Trial 1:The effect of release rate of sodium butyrate on antioxidant function of pre-weaning calves.This trial result shows that:(1)three butyric acid treated groups at different ages significantly increased SOD activity compared with the control group(P<0.01);the results of two blood collections were E group>Z group>N group>control group(P<0.01);when 58-day-old is compared with 34-day-old,except the E group is significantly increased,the other three groups are significantly reduced(P<0.01).(2)Sodium butyrate with different release rates had no significant effect on the activity of catalase C in calf blood(P>0.05).(3)The serum glutathione peroxidase of calves in the butyric acid treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group at different ages,and group E>Z group>N group.(P<0.01).(4)Sodium butyrate with different release rates has a significant negative effect on calf serum malondialdehyde(P<0.01).At 34 days of age,the malondialdehyde activity group C>group N>group Z and group E(P<0.01),but the difference between group Z and group E was not significant.At 58 days of age,Group C>Group N>Group Z>Group E(P?0.01).(5)Three different types of sodium butyrate groups have the effect of significantly improving the calf's total antioxidant ability(P?0.01),and group E is the best.(6)The results of two blood collections at different ages of calves have shown that sodium butyrate has the effect of reducing serum nitric oxide,and group E is the best,group N is the second,and the difference between the groups is extremely significant(P?0.01).In summary,adding sodium butyrate to the calf's starter feed has the effect of improving the antioxidant function of suckling calves(P? 0.05),and the coating sodium butyrate is the best.Trial 2:The effect of release rate of sodium butyrate on immune function of pre-weaning calves.This trial is mainly based on the calf serous immune indicators to determine the effect of adding sodium butyrate at different release rates on the calf immune function.The results shows that sodium butyrate can increase the concentration of immunoglobulin,growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor 1 and alkaline phosphatase in calf serum(P<0.01)It can reduce the levels of interleukin 1?(IL-1?),tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF?)and cortisol(P ?0.01),thereby improving the immune regulation ability.Except for immunoglobulin,group Z is the best,and other indicators are the best in group E,followed by group N,group Z(P ?0.01).Trial 3:The effect of release rates of sodium butyrate on calf weaning stress.The calves' daily feeding amount and remaining amount of each group are accurately measured from 3 days before weaning,and the actual consumption of each group of calves per day is calculated until 12 days after weaning.At the day of 15,all calves were weighed before feeding,calculated the average daily gain(ADG).The results show that sodium butyrate can effectively relieve the stress response caused by the calf weaning,focusing on th value of daily weight gain and feed intake of the calf.In addition,the trend of changes in the index values of serum glucose,triglycerides,urea nitrogen,cholesterol,alkaline phosphatase,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase,the analysis concluded that sodium butyrate can enhance the immune function and relieve Calf weaning stress,and the effect between groups E group?Z group?N group(P ?0.01).In conclusion,the effect of coating sodium butyrate is the best for calves prepared to wean to increase the function of antioxidant and immune,and to relieve weaning stress. |
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