Relevant Research Between Tongue Rolling Behavior And Diversity Of Gut Microbiome In Beef Cattle

The transfer and overexpression of animal behavior refers to the change in the object and frequency of behavior,which is the embodiment of the frustration of behavior expression in the behavior of animals in the monotonous environment with a lack of stimulation.The rolling behavior of cattle is a typical overexpression of behavior,also named evasive behavior,so it is one of the indicators to evaluate the welfare status of animals.In this study,by observing the tongue rolling behavior of adult meat cows,the effects of tongue rolling behavior on immune indexes,neurotransmitters and intestinal flora diversity in beef cattle serum were studied,and its correlation with cow tongue rolling behavior was analyzed,so as to study the effects of intestinal flora on animal emotion and welfare status.It provides important reference for improving animal welfare,improving meat quality and increasing economic benefit in beef production.Test 1.Study on the relationship between tongue rolling behavior and serum immune function and neurotransmitters in meat cows(1)Forty adult cows of the same age(4 years old)with the same birth order(about 5th births)and under the same feeding and management conditions were randomly selected from a beef cattle farm in Udanqi,Ordos City,and according to the tongue rolling frequency,the experimental beef cattle were divided into four groups,namely the normal control group(NC),the mild tongue rolling group(RtL),the moderate tongue rolling group(RtM)and the severe tongue rolling group(RtS),with 10 cows in each group.Naked eye observation,Instant observation and Interval observation were used to record the frequency of tongue rolling behavior of test cows within a fixed time.(2)Six experimental beef cattle were selected for each group.In the morning,the blood was collected on an empty stomach and collected in 10 ml blood vessels.The foam box and ice bag were transported to the room.Serum immune indexes IgA,IgG,SIgA,IL-1?,IL-6,IFN-?,TNF-?,IL-4,IL-10;Neurotransmitters 5-HT,DA,GABA,BDNF,ACTH,EPI,NE were determined by ELISA.Text 2:correlation between tongue rolling behavior and intestinal microbial diversity in beef cattleExperimental animals and groups are the same as experiment 1.The fresh feces of the rectum were collected by rectal fecal collection method,placed in a cryo tube,stored in a liquid nitrogen tank,and sent to the sequencing company through dry ice for sequencing.The DNA of each sample was extracted by PCR amplification technology and the V3+V4 region of 16S rDNA gene was amplified.The IonS5TMXL of Thermofisher was used for computer sequencing.The forward common primer is 338F:5'-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA-3',and the reverse common primer is 806R:5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3',50 ?L system reference for PCR amplification:Includes 10 ng/?L(5 ?L)of template DNA,5?L Taq polymerase(5 U/?L;TaKaRa,Japan),and 1 ?L(10 ?mol/L)each of the upstream and downstream primers.Results of test 1 showed that the concentrations of IgA,IgG,SIgA,IL-1,IL-6,ifn-famil,TNF-?,IL-4 and IL-10 in the serum Group NC were significantly higher than those in the Group RtL,Group RtM and Group RtS(P?0.05);The concentrations of neurotransmitters 5-HT,DA,GABA,BDNF,ACTH,EPI and NE in serum Group NC of adult meat cows were significantly higher than those in Group RtL,Group RtM and Group RtS(P?0.05).Except that the concentrations of IgG,IFN-?,TNF-?,and NE in Group RtM were higher than that in Group RtS and not necessarily significant.Serum concentrations of IgA,SIgA,IL-1,IL-6,IL-4,IL-10 and the concentrations of neurotransmitters 5-HT,DA,GABA,BDNF,ACTH and EPI gradually decreased with the increase of tongue rolling frequency.It was concluded that the occurrence of tongue rolling behavior was negatively correlated with serum immune function and nerve function,and the higher the frequency of tongue rolling,the lower the immune function and nerve function.The results of experiment 2 showed that the values of Firmicutes,Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Christensenellaceae,Eubacterium_coprostamollgenes_group in the group NC were significantly higher than those in the group RtL,group RtM and group RtS(P?0.05);Bacteroidetes,Rikenellaceae and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in Group NC were significantly higher than group RtL,group RtM and group RtS(P?0.05);It is believed that the formation of tongue rolling behavior is related to the decrease of Firmicutes,Ruminaceae,Lachnospirace ae,Christensenellaceae,Eubacterium_coprostamollgenes_group,and the increase of Bacteroidetes,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,which belongs to Rikenellaceae.In conclusion,the tongue rolling behavior of adult beef cows is likely to be negatively correlated with their immune and nerve functions,that is,the higher the tongue rolling frequency,the lower the concentration of immune factors and neurotransmitters in serum.At the same time,the tongue rolling behavior of adult meat cows of this breed was also found to be highly likely to be related to the imbalance of intestinal microbial diversity.According to the results,the same relative abundance of microbial communities in the two different frequency between the experimental group,the percentage difference significantly,therefore think that the two behavior is likely to be related to the imbalance of intestinal flora diversity,so as to pose a threat to animal welfare.