| As a feed additive,plant essential oils are gradually being valued in the field of animal husbandry.Essential oils have antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and anti-oxidant effects and can effectively protect the healthy growth of livestock and poultry.TTO is a plant essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia which has been used in livestock and poultry farming,with significant effects.However,there are few studies on the application of TTO in ruminant livestock production,and most of them focus on the regulation of rumen fermentation caused by its antibacterial effect.This experiment investigated the effects of tea tree oil(TTO)on growth performance,apparent digestibility,serum biochemistry and antioxidant capacity,and serum amino acids of Ganxi goats.Twenty-four Ganxi goats with an average body weight of 12.00 ± 0.20 kg and good health were selected as experimental animals.The univariate experimental design was used and rando mLy divided into 2 groups,12 in each group.The control group was group A,fed with a basic diet;the experimental group was group B,fed with a basic diet + 0.2 mL/kg TTO.During the trial period,goats were raised in a single cage,the concentrate and roughage feed were provided dividually.The ratio of roughage to concentrate was 50:50.The test goats were fed with240 g of concentrate and roughage feed each day.The test period was 60 days and all the goats were slaughtered on the 61 st day.The overall study consists of the following 4 parts:1.Effects of TTO on growth performance,slaughter performance and muscle quality of Ganxi goatsThe purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of adding tea tree oil to the diet on growth performance,slaughter performance,nutrient digestibility,muscle quality,and organ index of Ganxi goats.Record the average daily weight gain,average daily feed intake,and feed-to-weight ratio during the trial.At the end of the test,the slaughter weight was calculated and the heart,liver,spleen,kidney,lung,ovary,uterus and thymus were measured for organ index,and the longest back muscle was taken to determine muscle quality.The results show that: 1.The addition of TTO had no significant effect on the weight change of the two groups(P> 0.05);there was no significant difference in slaughter rate between the two groups(P> 0.05);2.The addition of TTO tended to increase the digestibility of Dry matter(DM)(P< 0.10),and the kidney indexincreased by 14.81%(P< 0.05);3.Adding TTO increased the muscle tenderness and L* value by42.69%(P< 0.01)and 8.68%(P< 0.01),respectively.It can be seen that adding an appropriate amount of tea tree oil to the diet can promote the absorption of nutrients to the black goats to a certain extent,and significantly improve muscle quality.2.Effects of Tea Tree Oil on Blood Indexes of Ganxi goatThe purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of adding tea tree oil to diets on blood antioxidant indexes,amino acid indexes,and biochemical indexes of Ganxi goats.Blood was collected before slaughter(three time points),and left to stand for 15 minutes and centrifuged for 20 minutes(2000-3000 rpm).The supernatant was collected and stored at-20 ° C,and the total antioxidant capacity,biochemical indicators,and serum amino acid content in the serum were measured.The results show that: 1.The addition of TTO tended to decrease glucose content(P<0.10)in the serum,but the cholesterol content(P< 0.10)was numerically increased;2.The addition of TTO significantly reduced the Aspartic acid,Sarcosine,Alpha-Adipic Acid,Histidine Acid,and 3-Methylhistidine contents in the serum(P< 0.05),and Gly(P< 0.1)also showed a decreased trend.It can explanation that: TTO can reduce the formation of ?-AAA by destroying the carbonylation of proteins,thereby inhibiting the protein oxidation of Ganxi goats,and then produce a beneficial effect on ruminant production.3.Effects of tea tree oil on rumen environment of Ganxi goatThe purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of adding tea tree oil to the diet on the rumen environment and rumen microorganisms of the black goats in Ganxi.After the slaughter,10 mL of rumen fluid and rumen chyme were taken,put into liquid nitrogen,and stored at-80 degrees.The rumen environment p H,ammonia nitrogen,volatile fatty acid and rumen microorganism indicators were measured.The results showed that: 1.There was no significant difference in the rumen environment between the tea tree oil group and the control group(P> 0.1).2.The Shannon value of the tea tree oil group was 0.25 lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).The Chloroflexi phylum and Planctomycetes phylum of control group was 0.25% and0.08% higher than the tea tree oil group,respectively(P< 0.05);the Proteobacteria was 0.09%higher than the TTO group(P< 0.01);the Bacteroides phylum in the TTO group was 4.22% higher than the control group(P< 0.05).Compared with the control group,the abundance of Firmicutes phylum had a significant downward trend(P< 0.1).It can be show that tea tree oil can regulate therumen microbial community,making it more suitable for the characteristics of high concentrate in the diet,thereby increasing the DM digestibility of the diet to a certain extent,and promoting the growth and development of black goats in Ganxi.4.Effect of tea tree oil on intestinal barrier of Ganxi goatThe purpose of this test was to study the effect of adding tea tree oil to the diet on the intestinal barrier of Ganxi goats.The duodenum,jejunum and ileum were separated by slaughter,paraffin sections were made,and the morphology of each intestine was observed.The jejunum and ileum mucosa were separated and stored at-80 degrees to determination the anti-oxidation index and immune factor content of the mucosa.The jejunum and ileum chyme were collected.,Stored at-80 degrees to determination the abundance and structure of microorganisms.The result can be showed: 1.The addition of TTO had no significant difference in intestinal villi height,crypt depth and V/C(P> 0.1);2.The GSH content in the TTO group was 15.17% higher than that in the control group(P< 0.05);3.TTO significantly reduced the Interleukin-12(IL-12)and TNF-? levels in the jejunal mucosa of Ganxi goats(P< 0.05),Among them,IL-12 in the TTO group decreased by 70.80%(P< 0.05)and TNF-? decreased by 72.36%(P< 0.05)compared with the control group.There was no significant difference in Interleukin-1?(IL-1?),Interleukin-2(IL-2),Interleukin-10(IL-10),Secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)and Interferon-?(IFN-?)(P> 0.1);The addition of TTO decreased the ileum IL-10 and TNF-? significantly(P< 0.1),and decreased the levels of IL-1?,IL-2 and IL-12 in the ileum by 51.63%(P< 0.05),46.12%(P< 0.05)and 47.81%(P< 0.05),had no significant effect on sIgA and IFN-?(P> 0.1);4.There was no significant difference in the relative species abundance of microbial communities in phylum of the jejunum between the control group and the tea tree oil group(P> 0.1).In the ileum,TTO group thick-walled Firmicutes was 9.07% higher than that of the control group;the abundance of Euryarchaeota,Actinobacteria,and Tenericutes were 4.03%,2.3%,and 0.59% lower than those of the control group,Methanobrevibacter and rumenaceae NK4A214 in the TTO group were 3.94%(P< 0.05)and2.94%(P< 0.01)higher than those in the control group,Senegalimassilia was 0.71% lower than the control group(P< 0.05),and the other genera were not significantly different(P> 0.1);Except that Ruminococcus-2 in TTO group was 0.99% higher than that in control group(P< 0.05),there was no significant difference in other genera(P> 0.1)of Jejunum.It can be seen that tea tree oil improves the intestinal barrier function by improving the intestinal mucosal immunity andadjusting the intestinal flora.In summary,adding 0.2 mL /kg TTO to the diet can improve the DM digestibility to a certain extent,improve the organ index of Ganxi goats,and improve the growth performance of Ganxi goats;TTO has reduced protein catabolism and inhibited protein oxidation It can improve the muscle tenderness and L * value,improve the muscle quality of Ganxi goats,and increase the edible value of goats to a certain extent;The addition of 0.2 mL /kg TTO to the diet has no negative impact on the environmental indicators in the rumen.Its bacteriostatic effect can adjust the microbial diversity,so that the rumen microorganisms more closely match the characteristics of the high concentrate in the diet,thereby increasing DM digestibility of the diet to a certain extent;at the same time,it also improves the intestinal microflora of Ganxi goats,improves the intestinal mucosa antioxidant capacity and intestinal mucosal immunity,and improves and maintains the integrity of the intestinal barrier of Ganxi goats and its maintenance Feature. |
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