Comparative Analysis Of Transcriptomic MRNA And MiRNA Of Pineal Gland Between Follicular Phase And Luteal Phase In Female Yaks

Yak?Bos grunniens?is an important livestock species in Qinghai-Tibet plateau,but it is characterilized by low reproductive rate and seasonal breeding.It is well known that pineal gland is an important organ to control seasonal breeding of animals,but little information is available on transcriptome and mi RNAs of pineal gland of the yak.Therefore,this study aims to compare trancriptome and small RNAs of pineal glands between female yaks during follicular phase and luteal phase using RNA-seq technology,which will provide theoretical basis for studing the mechanism of molecular regulation of pineal gland on yak reproduction.1.Transcriptome sequencing and analysisRNA libraries of yak pineal gand during follicular phase and luteal phase were sequenced analized using the Hi Seq 2500 high-throughput sequencing method,the result showed that?1?a total of 621 differentially expressed genes?DEGs?were identified when|log₂Foldchange|?1 and fase discovery rate?FDR??0.01 were set as thresholds for identifying DEGs,of which,271 DEGs were up-regulated and347 were down-regulated in the pineal gland of the follicular phase.?2?The GO distributions of the DEGs were classified into three categories:biological processes?BP?,cellular components?CC?,molecular functions?MF?with a total of 50subcategories of two successive stages.?3?Pathway analysis revealed that the most enriched pathways were cell adhesion molecules,Pl3K-Akt signaling pathway,neural active ligand-receptor interaction etc.2.mi RNA sequencing and analysisSmall RNA libraries of yak pineal gand during follicular phase and luteal phase were sequenced analized using the Hi Seq 2500 high-throughput sequencing method,the result showed that?1?a total of 465 known mi RNAs,56 novel mi RNAs,79pi RNAs were identified in the library of follicular phase,while 486,80 and 122 in the library of luteal phase respectively.?2?A total of 589 differentially expressed mi RNAs were identified,of which,27 were significantly up-regulated and 72 were significantly down-regulated during follicular phase.The GO distributions of the predicted mi RNA-target genes were mostly enriched in biological processes involved including biological regulation,metabolic processes,single biological processes,and regulated biological processes.In conclustion,this was the first study for comparing trancriptome and small RNAs of pineal glands between female yaks during follicular phase and luteal phase using using high-throughput sequencing,which provided theoretical basis for studing the mechanism of molecular regulation of pineal gland on yak reproduction.