Study On The Fluorescence Anti-counterfeiting Of Triticum Aestivum L.seeds

In agricultural production,seed quality is the decisive factor for crop quality and yield.At the seed market,the problem of counterfeit and inferior seeds has occurred from time to time,affecting the development of the seed industry.The existing seed anti-counterfeiting technology is mainly concentrated in the outer packaging anticounterfeiting,which is easy to be imitated.Therefore,the anti-counterfeiting technology for seed itself needs to be studied urgently.According to reports,there were some researches on fluorescence anti-counterfeiting of tobacco,pea,broad bean,broccoli,shallot,rice,onion,corn and rape,but no reports involved on wheat.Therefore,in this experiment,the study on the fluorescence anti-counterfeiting technology of wheat seeds was carried out to fill the gap in this aspect.In presnt paper,different fluorescent compounds were used for single and composite coating of wheat seeds.According to the effects on seed germination and vigour,changes in physiological parameters such as antioxidant enzyme activity,the contents of malondialdehyde and chlorophyll and the effects of fluorescent labeling,suitable fluorescent compounds and corresponding treatments for fluorescence anti-counterfeiting of wheat seeds were selected.After that,the wheat seeds with fluorescent anti-counterfeiting-labeling were stored for six months and used to simulate field soil germination,the practicality of wheat seed fluorescent anti-counterfeiting technology in production was explored based on the changes of vigour,physiology and fluorescence of wheat seeds during storage.This study puts forward effective anti-counterfeiting theory and application technology for wheat seeds,and also provides theoretical reference for other types of seed anti-counterfeiting.The main findings are as follows:1.Suitable fluorescent compounds and the corresponding amounts for single-fluorescence anti-counterfeiting of wheat seeds were selected.Seven kinds of fluorescent compounds were used,and the wheat seeds were fluorescently labeled by the coating ratio(seed to fluorescent compound)of 1:500~1:50000.As compared with the untreated control seeds,only ratio of 1:50000 treatment in rhodamine B,lissamine rhodamine B and rhodamine 6G had not adversely affect on germination,vigour,physiological parameters and had a positive fluorescent labeling effect;safranine T and fluorescein with 1:1000,1:5000 had no adverse effects on seed vigor and physiological parameters,with better fluorescent labeling effect,however 1:5000 had a lower dosage;the fluorescein labeling effect of sodium fluorescent with 1:1000 treatment was better while seeds vigour and physiological parameters had no adverse effects;only the ratio of 1:10000 treatment in coumarin had no adverse effects on seed vigour-related parameters,however the fluorescent effect of 1:10000 was poor.Considering that rhodamine 6G had a toxic effect on seeds,and the fluorescence effect was similar to that of rhodamine B and lissamine rhodamine B,rhodamine 6G was abandoned;the dosage of Sodium fluorescein with 1:1000 treatment was large and the fluorescent labeling effect was similar to that of fluorescein,sodium fluorescein was abandoned;coumarin was abandoned because of the poor fluorescence effect of 1:10000 treatment.Therefore,the selecteded fluorescent compounds were rhodamine B,lissamine rhodamine B,safranine T and fluorescein.2.Fluorescent treatment combination suitable for composite fluorescent anticounterfeiting of wheat seeds was selected.Rhodamine B,safranine T,fluorescein,and coumarin were set to different composite fluorescence combinations: rhodamine B+fluorescein(RB+F),safranine T+fluorescein(ST+F),rhodamine B+coumarin(RB+C),fluorescein+coumarin(F+C),rhodamine B+fluorescein+coumarin(RB+F+C)treatments.FFFFThe results of standard germination tests showed that,as compared with the untreated control seeds,all treatments had no adverse effects on the germination,vigour and antioxidant-related parameters.However,RB+F and ST+F treatments had better fluorescent labeling effect,and the cost was relatively lower.Therefore,the rhodamine B+fluorescein,safranine T+fluorescein treatments were suitable for composite fluorescence anti-counterfeiting of wheat seeds.3.The changes of vigour and the effect of fluorescent label of wheat seeds that was labled with fluorescence during storage were studied.Wheat seeds,coated by the selected single and composite fluorescent treatments were were stored at room temperature and low temperature(5 ?)respectively for 6 months.The results showed that under low temperature conditions,the germination,vigour parameters,seedling physiology and fluorescence performance of fluorescently labeled wheat seeds did not show adverse changes during storage,there was no significant difference as compared with the control.Germination,vigour,physiological changes and fluorescence performance of the seeds stored at room temperature were adversely affected to some extent.This suggested that fluorescent-labeled coating technology had applicability in low-temperature storage of wheat seeds,and provided theoretical guidance for practical application of wheat seed fluorescence anti-counterfeiting.4.Physiological characteristics,fluorescent performance,and fluorescent compound residues of fluorescent-labeled coated seeds in field soil after storage were studied.Simulated field soil germination experiments were conducted on wheat seeds that were not affected after 6 months of low-temperature storage.There were no adverse effects on the germination energy,germination percentage,shoot height,shoot dry weight and physiological parameters as compared with the control.Fluorescence could be observed always during germination.The residual amount of fluorescent compounds in the soil was very low,even could not be detected.This results provided a theoretical basis for the practical application of fluorescent anti-counterfeiting wheat seeds in field.