| Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a kind of perennial herb of Epimedium in Berberidaceae.It is an important base of traditional Chinese medicine Epimedium.In recent years,the wild resources of Epimedium in North Korea have decreased dramatically due to the rising demand for medicinal materials,disordered mining and habitat destruction,which has shown signs of resource shrinkage.Promoting wild tending and artificial cultivation technology of E.koreanum and cultivating high-quality E.koreanum to effectively supply the medicinal material market are important measures to relieve the pressure of wild resources,which have important practical significance for protecting the wild resources of E.koreanum and realizing the sustainable utilization of resources.In this research,the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the growth and development of E.koreanum were not clear,and the law of absorbing fertilizer was not clear.The optimal design of“311-B”D saturation at the level of nitrogen?N?,phosphorus?P?,potassium?K?3 factor 5 was adopted.11 treatments were set in the experiment,and one treatment with the lowest code value was added as the control.The effects of NPKon the growth and development indexes and Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of E.koreanum were analyzed.The regression model of leaf yield of E.koreanum and N,P and K combined application was established,and the effects of N,P and K Combined Application on leaf yield,icariin and total flavonoids of E.koreanum were studied.The absorption of N,P and K by E.koreanum was studied.The suitable application amount and the best harvest time of high yield and high quality cultivation of E.koreanum were determined.The main results are as follows:1. The growth rate of E.koreanum was first fast and then slow under different N,P,K fertilization,and the N element played an important role in the growth and development of E.koreanum.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of treatment 4,treatment 5,treatment 7 and treatment 8 were significantly higher than CK.This indicated that nitrogen played a leading role in the growth and development of E.koreanum.2. The results of quadratic polynomial regression showed that the interaction of N and K significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of E.koreanum.The accumulation of N,P and K in the whole growth period was leaf>stem.The distribution proportion of the highest accumulation of N,P and K in the overground part of E.koreanum was 1:1.2:6.5,and the accumulation of N,P and K in the overground part of E.koreanum was K>P>N.3. The results of factor analysis showed that:the order of leaf yield in full bloom and early fruit stage was P>N>K,and more P and N application was needed in this stage to obtain higher yield;the order of fertilizer types affecting leaf yield in fruit maturity stage was N>P>K,at this stage,E.koreanum was about to turn from growth stage to green leaf stage after fruit,the growth of E.koreanum was accelerated,and nitrogen fertilizer was applied K>P>N,which shows that the effect of K and P is more important in this period.It needs more application of K and P to get higher yield.The leaf yield of E.koreanum could be effectively increased by reasonable application of N,P and K.4. The results of regression model showed that when the leaf yield was more than 1g/plant,the 95%confidence interval was N 19.32-25.93 g/m2,P2O524.67-29.83g/m2,K2O 25.85-31.22 g/m2;when the icariin content was higher than 1%,the 95%confidence interval was N 9.69-23.69 g/m2,P2O513.31-25.88 g/m2,K2O 14.02-28.86g/m2;the optimal fertilization amount corresponding to 95%confidence interval was N19.23-27.84 g/m2,P2O519.26-27.46 g/m2,K2O 25.16-31.50 g/m2.5. The results of variance analysis showed that:treatment 11?N,P2O5,K2O ratio of 1:1:1?had the highest content of total flavonoids in green leaves?27.357mg/plant?,and the content of icariin?1.324mg/plant?,Epidemin A?0.554mg/plant?,Epidemin B?0.574mg/plant?and Epidemin C?0.251mg/plant?was higher in fruit ripening stage.Therefore,the reasonable recovery period can be determined according to different needs.6. In the production of E.koreanum,attention should be paid to the yield and the content of the effective components of the herbs should be taken into account.Under the condition of soil fertility represented by the experimental area,the effects of N,P and K application on the yield and quality of E.koreanum were comprehensively considered.The results showed that the fertilization amount of high-quality production of E.koreanum was N 19.32-23.69g/m2,P2O524.67-25.88 g/m2,K2O25.85-28.86.The optimal ratio of N,P2O5,K2O was 1:1.04?1.34:1.34?1.49. |
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