Effects Of Four Cultivation Measures On Yield And Quality Of Silage Barley

Object:Planting artificial grassland is an important way to promote ternary planting structure of the food,economic and the forage crops coordinated development.Animal husbandry has been the dominant industry in Xinjiang since ancient times,and also the basic industry of social development in Xinjiang.In recent years,with the implementation of the policy of returning grazing to grassland and grassland ecological protection,the animal husbandry in Xinjiang is changing from the traditional nomadic mode to the semi settled or settled mode.Because this area was a typical nomadic mode in the past,there was a lack of related cultivation techniques for forage production.Therefore,it is of great significance for the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Northern Xinjiang to study the cultivation technology of high yield and high quality forage suitable for the local climate environment.Barley is an important cereal crop in the world with short growth cycle,strong stress resistance and wide distribution.The whole plant of barley hay has high protein content and low crude fiber content,and it is a high-quality winter livestock feed in arid areas.At present,beer barley is the main planting variety in Xinjiang.Silage barley is different from beer barley in its use and attention index,which will inevitably lead to differences in cultivation technology between them.Methods:In this study,through a series of field experiments and laboratory analysis,the effects of different cutting time,sowing density and sowing time on the production performance,nutritional value and fermentation quality of silage barley were studied.In addition,the effects of different nitrogen application levels on the production performance,nitrogen utilization rate and nutritional value of silage barley were also studied.It was proposed that silage barley should be cultivated with high yield,high quality and green in Northern Xinjiang Technology of storage and utilization.Results:1.Dry matter yield and dry matter content of barley significantly increased with maturity.Hay yield of P13-3 mowed at dough stage was the highest.The hay yield of P13-3mowed at dough stage reached the maximum of 14731kg/hm~2.The nutritional quality of barley was significantly different with maturity.The contents of crude protein,crude ash and crude fat of 3 cultivars decreased significantly.The contents of neutral detergent fiber in Kenpimai13 and P13-3 increased gradually,the best period of nutritional quality of barley was heading stage.The fermentation quality of 3 cultivars increased with maturity,the contents of lactic acid and acetic acid in silage barley decreased significantly with maturity,the pH value and butyric acid content decreased significantly with maturity,the fermentation quality of Kenpimai13 and P13-3 after silage for 10 days was significantly higher than that at heading stage and filling stage..2.The results showed that increasing sowing density could significantly reduce the proportion of stems and leaves and increase the proportion of panicles of P14-22 and P13-3,but it had no significant effect on Kenpimai13.We also found the fresh weight under medium density was the highest.It is worth not that the dry matter content was increased to the increase in barley planting density,but there was no significant difference between medium sowing density and high sowing density.In this experiment,increasing planting density could increase the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber;decrease the content of crude protein,crude fat and crude ash of P13-3.At the same time,the increase in planting density had no significant effect on the content of soluble carbohydrate,there was no significant difference in pH value and contents of lactic acid,acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid under different planting density,but barley varieties were significant effect barley silage quality.In three barley cultivars,Kenpimai13 is the best one on quality after silage.3.The growth period of barley was greatly shortened by late sowing,and the growth period of barley under B3 sowing date was 22-23 days shorter than B1 sowing date.At the same time,late sowing could significantly reduce the hay yield of barley.Compared with early sowing barley,the hay yield of late sowing barley decreased by 15.2%to 24.2%,and the yield of Kenpimai13 decreased the highest.Late sowing resulted in a decrease in the proportion of stems and ears and an increase in the proportion of leaves in Kenpimai13 and Ganpi4.Late sowing had a significant effect on the hay quality of barley.Late sowing significantly increased the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber and decreased the content of crude fat in P13-3 and Ganpi4.The crude protein content of P13-3decreased significantly and the soluble carbohydrate of Ganpi4 increased significantly.Late sowing had different effects on silage quality of different varieties.After late sowing,pH value,ammonia nitrogen content decreased and lactic acid content increased.4.The results showed that the agronomic characters,yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency of silage barley were significantly affected by nitrogen application rate.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the plant height and total stem number of the two varieties of silage barley increased significantly,and the stem diameter increased at first and then decreased.The threshold value under different nitrogen application rate was total stem number>plant height>stem diameter.Increasing nitrogen application decreased the proportion of stems and leaves and increased the proportion of ears,but had no significant effect on Ganpi4.With the increase of nitrogen application,the hay yield of Kenpimai13 and Ganpi4 increased significantly,which was the highest under N160 treatment,and increased76.1%and 148.7%compared with N0 treatment.Increasing nitrogen application decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber,increased the content of crude protein,and increased the content of soluble carbohydrate in Kenpimai13.The partial factor productivity of applied N decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The ANUE of two varieties was the highest under N80 treatment.Conclusion:Generally speaking,prolonging the cutting time(Heading stage-Dough stage)increased the hay yield of barley,decreased the hay quality,first increased and then decreased the silage quality,and the best cutting time was 10 days.Increasing sowing density increased barley yield and decreased barley quality,considering both yield and quality,3.75million plants/hm~2(medium density)was better.Postponing the sowing date shortens the growth period,reduces the yield and deteriorates the quality.Under appropriate conditions,barley should be sowed early.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the yield and quality increased,and the nitrogen use efficiency decreased.In order to improve nitrogen use efficiency and obtain silage barley with high yield and good quality,80kg/hm~2 was suitable for barley.