The Study On Characteristics Of Maize Yield And Nitrogen And Phosphorus Loss By Different Fertilization Treatments

In recent years,due to its special structural properties,biochar has been widely used as a soil improver and fertilizer slow-release carrier in agriculture.In order to promote its application in agricultural planting,it solves the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Fuxian Lake Basin.The study used plateau red soil as the research object and waxy corn as the test crop.Through field trials in the field and related analysis,the comprehensive effects of six different fertilization modes on maize quality,yield,soil structure and surface runoff nitrogen and phosphorus were studied..The main conclusions are as follows:1.Under the condition of the same total nitrogen application,the yield of corn treated with biogas and biochar is 11195kg/hm~2,which is 7.16%higher than that of conventional chemical fertilizer treatment;the yield contribution rate is 25.86%,It is 8.41%higher than conventional fertilizer treatment.In addition,plant height and stalk diameter are improved compared with the full fertilizer treatment.It shows that the treatment of biogas and biochar can effectively improve the yield,quality and contribution rate of corn.2.Analyze the structural properties of the soil and the content of nitrogen and phosphorus,and find that the bulk density of the soil treated with biogas and biochar decreased by 24.32%compared with the initial soil;the soil porosity increased by 12.95%compared with the initial soil;and the increase of soilorganic matter reached 70.33%.Effectively improve the internal structure of the soil and enhance the fertility of the soil.3.The biogas manure plus biochar treatment has a fixed effect on the total nitrogen in the soil,increasing the total nitrogen content in the soil,which is 58.59%higher than the total fertilizer treatment.The phosphorus content has also been increased.Ensure the supply of nutrients to the crop,increase the retention time of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil,and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus of the crop.4.The peak period of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff is a few days after fertilization.The fertilization mode of biogas manure plus biochar has a greater inhibitory effect on the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of surface runoff.The total nitrogen loss of surface runoff is 5850 g/hm~2,which is 43.34%lower than that of the total fertilizer treatment;the total phosphorus content is 1680 g/hm~2,accounting for45.16%of the total fertilizer treatment;the nitrate nitrogen content is 479 g/hm~2,which is 51.15%lower than the total fertilizer treatment;The nitrogen content was470 g/hm~2,which was a decrease of 47.87%compared with the total fertilizer treatment;the available phosphorus content was 527 g/hm~2,accounting for 45.99%of the total fertilizer treatment.It shows that the treatment of biogas and biochar can effectively reduce the risk of loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff,reduce the intake of nitrogen and phosphorus in rivers,and alleviate the eutrophication of water.