Effects Of Rice-Turtle Farming On Soil Nutrients And Spike-Grain Development And Rice Quality

With a series of problems such as reduced cultivated land,environmental pollution and soil deterioration,how to achieve stable production and income increase of rice determines the future of China's agriculture.The ecological breeding of rice fields is characterized by its safety,high efficiency and obvious income increase.The concept of sustainable development.In the critical period of the transformation of China's agricultural development mode,the development of ecological breeding model is one of the effective ways to improve the contradiction between human and land and the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural products.In this paper,two models of rice-turtle farming(T)and conventional monoculture(N)were designed.One conventional rice variety(Huang Huazhan,abbreviated h)and one hybrid rice variety(Y Yiangyou 800,abbreviated Y)were adopted in the first season.Rice and ratoon rice(R)two cultivation methods.Based on the difference of soil nutrients and the development of rice panicles under two models,the effects of rice-turlte farming on rice panicle development,yield and quality were analyzed.The main research results are as follows:(1)In the rice-turtle farming(HT?YT)mode,the total nitrogen(N)and total phosphorus(P)content in the soil gradually increased after the sputum was placed,while the soil total N and total P content gradually increased in the conventional single cropping mode(HN?YN).When the first season rice matures,the difference of total N and total P content between the two models reaches the maximum,the average difference of total N is 15.3%(14.9%~15.7%),and the average difference of total P is 16.35%(15.3%~17.4%).The content of alkaline solution N and available P decreased gradually with the growth of rice in different modes.The ratio of alkaline solution N and available P was higher during the symbiotic period than that of the conventional single cropping mode.5.3%(4.9%~5.6%),the difference was significant in T2~T5 period,the average difference of available p was 6.97%(6.93%~7.01%),and the difference was significant in T3~T6 period.The average soil organic matter in rice-turtle farming was higher than conventional.The soil organic matter in the single crop was 6.7%(4.9%~13.1%),and the difference was significant at T2~T6.The combination of rice and alfalfa can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and increase soil organic matter.(2)The overall developmental start time of the two rice cultivars in the rice-turtle farming mode was slightly earlier than that of the conventional rice planting.In the second phase,the third phase was extended by about 1 day,the whole development process.It takes 1d more time than regular single.The two mode(RHT,RHN)of Huanghuazhan rice has the same start time of panicle differentiation,and the differentiation time of the ? phase is extended by 1d.From the VI phase to the VII phase,the RHT differentiation speed is faster,and the whole differentiation process of RHT and RHN.It takes the same amount of time.The two models of Y Liangyou 800 ratooning rice(RYT,RYN)had a long period of differentiation due to low temperature in the early stage of panicle differentiation,and there was no difference in the differentiation time of RYT and RYN in e ach stage.The ecological environment of rice-turtle farming is beneficial to the development of young panicles,which promotes the production of more spikelets and increases the number of spikelets,but the temperature has a greater influence on the differentiation of young spikes.(3)Compared with conventional monoculture,rice-turtle farming can increase rice yield.The average yield of the first season rice is 9.75%(9.6%~9.9%),and the average yield of reclaimed rice is 10.05%(7.7%~12.4%).Rice is mainly achieved by increasing the number of effective panicles per unit area(4.4% ~ 5.1%),the total number of grains(4.82% ~ 5.34%),and the number of solid grains(4.7% ~ 4.78%).In ratoon rice,RYT yield is higher than RHN mainly due to its higher effective area per panicle and the number of real grains.The higher yield of RYT relative to RYN is due to its higher effective area per panicle.The combination of rice and alfalfa can also improve the processing quality and appearance quality of rice.The rate of polished rice is increased by 0.9%~1.79%,and the rate of whole milled rice is increased by 5.8%~7.5%.At the same time,the chalkiness rate is reduced,and the improvement effect of Y Liangyou 800 is most obvious.The YT white grain rate is 16.28% lower than YN,while RYT is 14.1% lower than RYN.The combination of rice and alfalfa has a positive effect on increasing rice yield and improving rice quality.For the same variety,ratoon rice planting can improve the appearance quality of rice to a certain extent.