| In this paper,the cross-test design was used to evaluate the nutritional value of Quercus liaotungensis acorn and the effect of different levels on the nutrient digestibility of growing pigs in the first(Experiment 1).Then the in vitro biomimetic digestion method was used to determine feed energy,dry matter and protein digestibility etc.to determine the appropriate amount of Quercus liaotungensis acorn in the growing pigs(Experiment 2).Finally it explored the effect of adding different enzyme preparations on the nutrient digestibility of Quercus liaotungensis acorn in the growing pigs(Experiment 3).It provided theoretical basis for efficient utilization of Quercus liaotungensis seeds in feed production.Exp.1 Evaluation of nutrient value of Quercus liaotungensis and its effect on nutrient digestibility of growing pigsDigestion and Metabolism Test Twelve cross-growing pigs with similar body weight(30kg)were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,4 replicates in each group and 1 pigs per replicate of similar ternary(Du × Chang ×Da)The control group was fed a basic diet(B),and the experimental group was fed a test diet(T1,T2)that replaced the 10% and 20% basal diets with Quercus liaotungensis acorn.The experiment was designed by cross-test and divided into three phases.The first phase 1,2,3,and4 pigs were the test group1,and the 5,6,7,and8 pigs were the test group2,and the test diets were fed separately;Pigs 9,10,11and12 were used as the control group and fed the basal diet.The second and third phases exchange test subjects.Each trial was divided into three days pre-feeding period and four days formal period.The results showed that The digestion energy of Quercus liaotungensis powder is 6.01MJ/kg,the starch content in the Quercus liaotungensis acorn was the highest,reaching 58%.The content of anti-nutritional factor tannin was also very high,reaching 9.45%.The other nutrient contents were energy value 16.31MJ/kg,dry matter 89.37%,crude protein 5.08%,crude fat 4.79%,crude fiber 2.63%,neutral detergent fiber 13.96%,acid detergent fiber 3.67%,coarse ash 2.34 %,calcium 0.51%,phosphorus 0.14%.The addition of Quercus liaotungensis acorn will affect the nutrient digestibility of growing pigs.Compared with the control group,the digestibility of dry matter,energy,crude protein,crude fat,NDF,calcium and phosphorus in the two experimental groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the crude protein digestibility decreased the most.The decrease was 23.29% and 32.35%,followed by the crude fat digestibility,which was decreased by 11.01% and 25.1% respectively.The nutrient digestibility between the two experimental groups was also significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the crude protein digestibility was also reduced the most reached 15.84%,followed by total phosphorus digestibility,decreased by 15.09%;In addition,compared with the control group,the experimental group's digestion energy was also decreased significantly(P<0.05),by7.43% and11.66%,respectively.Exp.2 Evaluation of Dietary Nutrient Digestion and Utilization of Quercus liaotungensis Based on Biomimetic Digestion MethodIn vitro biomimetic digestion test Based on the first experiment,the digesting process of the whole digestive tract of the growing pigs was simulated by using the single stomach animal bionic digestion system(SDS-III).The experiment was divided into 4 groups,with 5 replicates in each group and 1 digestive tube in each replicate.The control group was corn-soybean meal diet,and the experimental group was use Quercus liaotungensis acorn replacing corn diet,and different substitution levels of Quercus liaotungensis acorn were determined.Powder(2%,6%,10%)on dry matter(DM),total energy(GE),crude protein(CP),starch(starch)digestibility and bionics.The effect of digestive energy provides a basis for determining the appropriate proportion of Quercus liaotungensis acorn in replacing corn in growing pig diets.The results showed that in the monogastric animal biomimetic digestion test,DMD,GED,CPD,NDF digestibility,ADFdigestibility and EHGE decreased with the addition of Quercus liaotungensis acorn powder in growing pig diet.Compared with the control group,the DMD of the 2%,6%,and10% liaotungensis acorn powder group decreased by 0.3%,4.05%,and 4.39%,respectively;the GED decreased by 4.16%,6.69%,and7.1%,respectively;The reduction was 4.25%,6.97% and11.09%;EHGE decreased by 10.86%,18.4% and 22.6% respectively.The differences of DMD,GED,CPD and EHGE between the experimental groups were extremely significant(P<0.01).Exp.3 Effect of Adding Enzyme Preparation on Digestibility of Nutrient of Quercus liaotungensis in Growing PigsDigestion and metabolism test The effects of different enzyme preparations on the removal of tannin from the diet of Quercus liaotungensis and the effect on nutrient digestibility were investigated.It was divided into 4 test groups,6 replicates in each test group,and 1 pig per replicate,fed separately:(1)6%Quercus liaotungensis acorn,(2)6%Quercus liaotungensis acorn+500mg/kg Non-starch polysaccharide enzyme,(3)6%Quercus liaotungensis acorn+6mg/kg tannase,(4)6%Quercus liaotungensis acorn+500mg/kg Non-starch polysaccharide enzyme+6mg/kg tannase.Adding enzyme preparation can improve the nutrient digestibility of growing pigs on the aconite feed of Quercus liaotungensis acorn to some extent.Compared with the control group,the crude fat and phosphorus digestibility of the experimental group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the crude fat digestibility was increased by 10.71%,19.46% and29.13%,respectively,and the phosphorus digestibility was increased by 23.55%,20.12%,and 23.58%,respectively.There was no significant difference in crude fat and phosphorus digestibility between test group 1 and test group2and3(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,crude fiber,total energy and calcium in the experimental group were not significantly different(P>0.05).In summary,The digestion energy of Quercus liaotungensis powder is 6.01MJ/kg,the Quercus liaotungensis acorn can be used as an energy feed growing pig,and its suitable addition amount in growing pigs is 6%.The addition of NSP enzyme,tannase and two combination enzymes can increase the nutrient digestibility to some extent. |
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