Vertical Distribution Pattern Of ? Diversity Of Aphid Species On Eastern Slope Of Gongga Mountain

Aphid is a group of herbivorous insects,widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere,and some species are important pests on agricultural economic crops and forestry.Most of the aphid groups have weak mobility,effective breed fertility,significant generation overlap,and complex life history.Most species are oligophagous or monophagous,and closely related to their host plants.It is a representative group to carry out the distribution pattern of species?diversity along different elevation gradientgradients and vegetation gradientgradients.These researchs have great significance for the protection of biodiversity and the control of agricultural and forest pests.Experienced major geological history and climate change events,Hengduan Mountains have a complex terrain and diverse habitat types.It is an ideal area to study the diversity and distribution pattern of mountainous species.Gongga Mountain is the highest peak of the Hengduan Mountains and is located at the eastern extremity of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.It is the transition gradientgradient between the Sichuan Basin and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.Beta diversity is a measure of biodiversity.It can also be called inter–habitat diversity,which refers to the change in species composition along environmental gradients between different habitat communities,or the replacement rate of species along environmental gradients.It mainly describes the degree of changes in species composition between communities or between different sites.Carrying out the gradient research of?diversity pattern has great significance for the exploration of species diversity mechanism and the protection of species diversity.This study mainly discusses the vertical distribution pattern of aphid?diversity on eastern slope of Gongga Mountain,along the elevation and vegetation gradientgradient.The?diversity of aphids in this area was calculated by two different methods.The effects of spatial scales,taxonomic categories,interannual variation and?diversity components on the diversity pattern were compared through the comparison of scale,taxonomic categories and seasonality.The possible causes of diversity patterns,and further study complements of animal?diversity on eastern slope of Gongga Mountain were also discussed.The topography of the Gongga Mountain area is complex,with a significant vertical drop,wide vegetation gradients,and abundant aphid species.Based on four times of field collections since autumn 2018 to autumn 2019,a total of 920 aphid samples belong to 158 species,77genera,13 subfamilies,2 families were collected.The vertical distribution patterns of abundance,richness and?diversity of aphids in different taxonomic categories,seasons or years along the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain were discussed.The results showed that the vertical distribution patterns of species abundance and richness of aphid species on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain were mainly consistent in different seasons and taxonomic categories,but there were obvious differences at different scales,that the vertical pattern along the elevation gradient is a similar decreasing pattern,and the vertical pattern along the vegetation gradient is a similar nonlinear pattern.The vertical distribution patterns of?diversity of aphid on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain were mainly consistent in different taxonomic categories and seasons,but their component dominances were different.At genus level,they showed more?diversity prediction effects.There were also obvious differences in the vertical distribution pattern of?diversity at different scales.A bimodal pattern of?diversity at species level along the elevation gradient was dominated by species nesting(?_sne)at low elevations,and by species replacement(?_sim)at medium and and high–elevation regions.The vertical distribution pattern of?diversity at genus level was also bimodal,but it was dominated by species replacement(?_sim)in low and medium elevation areas,and by species nesting(?_sne)in high elevation areas.The vertical distribution pattern of?diversity at species level along the vegetation gradient was a U–like pattern.In the low–elevation vegetation belt area,it was dominated by species nesting(?_sne),but in the high–elevation vegetation belt area,dominated by species replacement(?_sim).The vertical distribution pattern of?diversity at genus level along the vegetation gradient was also U–like.In low–elevations vegetation gradient area,it was dominated by species replacement(?_sim),and in high–elevation vegetation gradient area dominated by species nesting(?_sne).The aphid populations have migrated and spreaded in the cyclic glacial period and interglacial cycles,resulted in the existence of vertical distribution patterns of abundance,richness and?diversity of the aphids on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain.The main factor of the scale effect was the differet division standard between the elevation and the vegetation gradient.