Effects Of Chromium Nicotinate And Cysteamine On Production Performance And Antioxidant Performance Of Buffalo In Summer

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different levels of chromium nicotinate on the lactation performance,antioxidant performance,and rumen microbial diversity of buffalo under heat stress,and to determine the appropriate amount of chromium nicotinate added to the buffalo diet;in-depth study of the diet The effects of adding cysteamine hydrochloride,chromium nicotinate and the combination of cysteamine and chromium niacin on the lactation performance,antioxidant performance and rumen microbial flora of buffalo are the combination of cysteamine and chromium nicotinate Use to provide a theoretical basis.Experiment 1:The effect of different levels of chromium nicotinate on the lactation performance,antioxidant performance and rumen microbial composition of buffalo under heat stress.Based on the similar weight?615±21 Kg?,parity?4±1?and milk production?6±1 kg?,20 healthy Nili-Ravi buffaloes in the middle lactation period were selected.A single factor random block design was used,divided into 4treatments,each of which treated 5 buffaloes.Group?was the control group,fed the basic diet;Group?added 1.5 mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate;Group?added 3 mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate;Group?added 4.5 mg/?d·head?Chromium nicotinate.The trial feeding period is 1 week and the trial period is 4weeks.The results showed that:?1?Compared with the control group,the difference in body surface temperature and rectal temperature in the test group is not significant?P>0.05?.The respiratory frequency of the group with 3mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate was significantly lower than that of the control group?P<0.05?.?2?Adding chromium nicotinate to the diet have no significant effect with the apparent digestibility of buffalo DMI,CP,NDF and ADF?P>0.05?.?3?The diet supplemented with 3 mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate increased the milk production of buffalo by 7.7%?P<0.05?;the difference of milk protein rate,milk fat rate,total milk solids and non-fat solids among the groups Not significant?P>0.05?.?4?The rumen pH,acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid and other VFA of the test group were not significantly different from those of the control group?P>0.05?;NH₃-N and NH₃-N in the diet supplemented with 3 and 4.5 mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate The MCP was improved,but the difference was not significant?P>0.05?;the dietary supplementation of 3 and 4.5 mg/?d·head?chromic nicotinate group had a significant increase in isobutyric acid compared with the control group?P<0.05?.?5?The content of C14:1n5 and C16:1n7 in the diet supplemented with 3mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate group was significantly higher than that in the control group?P<0.05?;C18:2?cis-9,trans-11?.The contents of C20:2n6,C20:5n3?EPA?,C22:6n3?DHA?and C24:0 were increased to varying degrees compared with the control group,but the differences were not significant?P>0.05?;Saturated fatty acids decreased to varying degrees compared to the control group,unsaturated fatty acids increased to varying degrees,but the differences were not significant?P>0.05?.?6?Compared with the control group,the CAT and INS of the buffalo serum in the test group were not significantly different from the control group?P>0.05?;the T-SOD in the diet supplemented with 1.5 and 3 mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate was significantly higher than that in the control group Increased?P<0.05?;MDA in the 3mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate group was significantly lower than that in the control group?P<0.05?;T3?triiodothyronine in the 3mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate group Acid?and T4?thyroxine?were significantly increased compared with the control group?P<0.05?;Cortisol in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group?P<0.05?.?7?Compared with the control group,the total protein,albumin,globulin,alanine aminotransferase,urea nitrogen and total cholesterol in the experimental group were not significantly different?P>0.05?.The aspartate aminotransferases in the 1.5 and 3 mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate group were significantly higher than those in the control group?P<0.05?.?8?The number of protozoa in the diet supplemented with 1.5 and 3 mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate was significantly lower than that in the control group?P<0.05?;compared with the control group,the number of bacteria in each test group was significantly increased?P<0.05?;The number of methanogens in the 3 and 4.5 mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate group was significantly higher than that in the control group?P<0.05?.?9?At the phylum level,the predominant flora of each group of buffaloes is Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria;the dominant flora at the genus level is Prevotella 1,Christensenellaceae R-7 group.Experiment 2:The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of adding cysteamine and chromium nicotinate to the buffalo diet on the lactation performance,rumen fermentation parameters,antioxidant performance and rumen microbial diversity of buffalo.Select 20 healthy Nile-Rafi milk buffaloes with similar body weight?615±21 Kg?,parity?4±1 births?and milk production?6±1 Kg?.A single-factor randomized block design was used,divided into 4 groups?groups I,II,III and IV?,with 5buffaloes in each group.Group?is the control group,fed the basic diet.Group?added 22.5 g/day/head cysteamine;Group?added 3 mg/day/head chromium nicotinate;Group?added?22.5 g cysteamine+3 mg chromium nicotinate?/day/head.The pre-feeding period is 1 week and the test period is 4 weeks.The results showed that:1)The addition of chromium nicotinate and cysteamine had no significant effect on the surface temperature and respiratory rate of buffalo?P>0.05?.Compared with group?,the rectal temperature in group?decreased significantly?P<0.05?.2)The dry matter intake of group?was significantly lower than that of groups?and??P<0.05?.The apparent digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber in group?was significantly higher than that of group??P<0.05?.3)The milk production of group?is significantly higher than that of groups?,?and??P<0.05?.The milk yield of 4%milk fat correction in groups?and?is significantly higher than that of groups?and??P<0.05?.The milk protein rate of group?was significantly higher than that of group?and group??P<0.05?.The total solids of milk in group?was significantly higher than other groups and the lowest in group??P<0.05?.4)The content of acetic acid in group?and group?was significantly higher than that in group??P<0.05?.The content of propionic acid in group?was significantly lower than that in groups?,?and??P<0.05?.The total VFA yield and microbial protein content in group?were significant Lower than Group?,Group?and Group??P<0.05?.The differences of butyric acid,acetic acid/propionic acid,ammonia nitrogen,pH,and isovaleric acid content in each group were not significant?P>0.05?.5)C12:0,C14:0,C18:2?cis-9,trans-11?,C20:3n3 in milk of group?were significantly higher than that of group??P<0.05?.C16:0 in milk of group?was significantly higher than?Group?and Group??P<0.05?.The milk C20:0 content in Group?was significantly higher than that in Group??P<0.05?.6)There was no significant difference in serum catalase,total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels among the groups?P>0.05?;the serum malondialdehyde content in group?was significantly higher than that in groups?and??P<0.05?;The total antioxidant capacity of group?was significantly lower than that of group??P<0.05?.The levels of serum insulin adrenocorticotropic hormone HSP 70 were not significantly different among the groups?P>0.05?;the serum growth hormone content in group?was significantly lower than that in groups?and??P<0.05?.The serum estradiol content in group?was significantly higher In group?and group??P<0.05?.7)Serum T3 content in group?was significantly higher than that in group??P<0.05?.Aspartate aminotransferase in group?was significantly higher than that in group??P<0.05?.8)Dietary supplementation of chromium nicotinate and cysteamine can significantly increase the number of bacteria in buffalo rumen fluid?P<0.05?.Group?significantly increased the number of methanogens in buffalo rumen fluid?P<0.05?.9)Compared with group?,the number of OTUs in groups?,?and?decreased.The abundance of Bacteroides phylum in groups?and?increased compared with group?,while the abundance of chlamydomonas decreased in group?.It can be seen that the addition of cysteamine and chromium nicotinate to the buffalo diet significantly affects the buffalo DMI,apparent digestibility,lactation performance,rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial composition,which in turn affects the buffalo performance.Conclusions:The diet supplemented with 3 mg/?d·head?chromium nicotinate can improve the lactation performance and antioxidant performance of buffalo,and the effect is better than other groups.The addition of cysteamine and chromium nicotinate in the diet can increase the milk production of buffaloes and improve the ability to resist heat stress,which is conducive to the growth of intestinal flora.